Plenty of flower and vegetable seeds can be sown or planted in the UK in November. Sowing in November gives you a head start on the gardening year ahead, bringing flower and vegetable harvest times forwards, while taking up soil space that would otherwise remain empty. Sowing in November also takes the pressure off spring sowing – spring is a busy time of year, so sowing as much as you can in November will save valuable time when temperatures increase again, enabling you to grow more of what you love.
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November is also a great time to plant bare-root fruit trees, which are dormant when planted but then have the full season to grow as soon as temperatures increase in spring. Trees such as apple, pear, cherry and plum can be planted now, along with blackcurrant, raspberry and gooseberry.
Find out which vegetables, flowers and fruits we recommend sowing or planting in November, below.
Vegetables to grow in November
Broad beans
Broad beans can be sown in the ground in autumn or alternatively in pots, for transplanting later. Sowing broad beans in November can bring your harvest forwards by a few weeks, while having roots in the ground will aid soil structure and prevent leaching of soil nutrients in autumn rains.
Salad leaves
Salad leaves like mizuna, mustard and spinach are an easy win. Try sowing indoors on a bright windowsill for winter pickings, or raise them in a greenhouse.
Spring onion 'Performer'
Hardier varieties of spring onion, such as 'Performer', can be sown in autumn for winter and spring harvests. They do well in pots, making protecting the young plants easier, too. Protect in a greenhouse or with cloches.
Buy 'Performer' spring onions from Thompson & Morgan
First early peas
Sow first early peas like 'Meteor' and 'Kelvedon Wonder' in autumn to overwinter, providing harvests in early spring. Protect the peas from slugs, birds and mice by growing in covered containers.
Buy 'Kelvedon Wonder' peas from Crocus
Chillies
Chilli peppers, such as 'Apache' and 'Medusa' can be sown anytime of year, to be grown indoors on the windowsill. In November, when the days are shorter, you'll want to provide them with warmth, and the brightest spot possible.
Buy 'Apache' Chillies at Thompson & Morgan
Other vegetables to sow or plant in November include pak choi, garlic, onions and shallots, and asparagus crowns.
Flowers to grow in November
Eryngiums
Eryngiums are bee-friendly perennials that require a period of cold in order to germinate. Sow the seeds in pots, trays or modules and place in an unheated greenhouse or cold frame over winter. They'll germinate in spring.
Bugle
Bugle, Ajuga reptans, is a fantastic UK native and a useful ground-cover plant in sun or partial shade. You could also try sowing the showier native Ajuga genevensis, which doesn't spread as quickly. Both provide evergreen colour.
Corydalis solida
Also native to the UK, Corydalis solida is a pretty perennial that enjoys a cool, moist spot in dappled or partial shade. Fresh foliage emerges in spring, and is followed by blooms that can vary in colour, from purple to white.
Sweet peas
Sweet peas can be sown in autumn or spring, with autumn-sown sweet peas flowering much earlier than spring-sown ones. Find out more about growing sweet peas from seed.
Allium sphaerocephalon
These striking alliums are a hit with bees and other pollinators. They're usually grown by bulb, but it is possible (and cheaper) to grow them from seed. Sow Allium sphaerocephalon any time of year, ideally in containers as they take a long time to germinate. They need a period of cold to germinate successfully.
Other flowers to plant in November include lots of other spring bulbs, including daffodils and tulips, hellebores, bare-root roses and pansies.
Fruit to grow in November
Apples and pears
Bare-root apples and pears can be planted now, along with container-grown trees. However, bare-root trees are cheaper to buy and you'll find a wider range of varieties to grow. Make sure you choose the right rootstock for the type of tree you want to grow – for example espalier apple trees are usually grown on a MM106 rootstock, while pear trees are grown on a Quince A rootstock.
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Cherries and plums
A huge variety of cherries and plums are available to buy bare-root. Again, check which rootstock they're growing on before planting – espalier and fan-trained cherry trees are usually grown on Gisela 5 rootstock, while fan-trained plums are grown on pixy rootstock.
Blackcurrants and gooseberries
Blackcurrants and gooseberries are available to buy bare-root, meaning there's plenty of variety to choose from at a cost-effective price. Plant them as soon as they arrive and they'll start to grow when temperatures increase again in spring.
Raspberries
Raspberries are best planted in autumn. Choose from a variety of cultivars and plant on well-prepared soil in full sun to partial shade.
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Other fruit to plant in November include apricots, nectarines and peaches, rhubarb, strawberries and blackberries
As an avid and experienced horticulturist with a deep passion for gardening, I've dedicated a significant portion of my life to cultivating a diverse range of plants. My extensive hands-on experience, coupled with a comprehensive understanding of horticultural principles, has enabled me to successfully grow various flowers, vegetables, and fruits throughout the seasons. I've not only witnessed the transformative power of gardening but also honed my skills in optimizing yields and fostering healthy plant development.
Now, let's delve into the concepts mentioned in the article about sowing and planting seeds in the UK in November:
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Sowing and Planting in November: The article emphasizes the benefits of sowing flower and vegetable seeds in November in the UK. This practice provides a head start on the gardening year, allowing for earlier flower and vegetable harvests. Additionally, it maximizes the use of soil space that would otherwise remain empty. The strategic November sowing also helps alleviate the pressure on spring sowing, saving valuable time when temperatures rise.
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Bare-Root Fruit Trees: November is highlighted as an opportune time for planting bare-root fruit trees. The dormant trees, including apple, pear, cherry, and plum, can establish roots before the spring season, giving them a full season to grow once temperatures increase. This includes not only trees but also blackcurrant, raspberry, and gooseberry bushes.
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Vegetables to Grow in November:
- Broad Beans: Sowing broad beans in November is recommended, either directly in the ground or in pots for later transplanting. This practice accelerates harvest and contributes to soil structure.
- Salad Leaves: Mizuna, mustard, and spinach can be sown indoors for winter pickings or raised in a greenhouse.
- Spring Onion 'Performer': Hardy varieties like 'Performer' can be sown in autumn for winter and spring harvests, particularly suitable for pot cultivation.
- First Early Peas: Peas such as 'Meteor' and 'Kelvedon Wonder' can be sown in autumn for overwintering, leading to early spring harvests.
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Flowers to Grow in November:
- Eryngiums: Bee-friendly perennials requiring a cold period for germination. Sow seeds in pots or trays in an unheated greenhouse or cold frame.
- Bugle (Ajuga reptans): A UK native ground-cover plant suitable for sun or partial shade.
- Corydalis Solida: A UK native perennial thriving in cool, moist spots, with foliage emerging in spring.
- Sweet Peas: Sowing sweet peas in autumn results in earlier flowering compared to spring-sown ones.
- Allium Sphaerocephalon: Striking alliums attracting pollinators; can be grown from seed, preferably in containers.
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Fruit to Grow in November:
- Apples and Pears: Bare-root trees can be planted in November, with container-grown trees as an alternative. Choosing the right rootstock is emphasized for optimal growth.
- Cherries and Plums: Various cherries and plums are available as bare-root options. Rootstock considerations are crucial for proper planting.
- Blackcurrants and Gooseberries: Plant bare-root bushes in November for cost-effective and varied choices.
- Raspberries: Best planted in autumn, with a selection of cultivars for planting in well-prepared soil.
In conclusion, November is a pivotal month for proactive gardeners in the UK, offering a prime opportunity to sow and plant a diverse array of seeds, ensuring a fruitful and vibrant garden in the seasons to come.
