What to do when experiencing an adverse reaction - Tisserand Institute (2024)

What to do in case of adverse reaction

If you or someone you are with is suffering a serious adverse event, seek immediate help from your local poison center or hospital.

Most adverse reactions to essential oils are without any serious consequence, but if young children ingest any amount, medical attention should be sought urgently.

Accidental ingestion of essential oils by children of 5 or under is the most common cause of internal essential oil toxicity – more than 10 times any other age group in the USA (Gummin et al 2017). Children as young as 2 years have been known to remove bottle caps and drink most of the contents, even though the bottle may contain an orifice reducer.

A summary of first aid procedures for essential oil toxicity is given below. If urgent care is needed, or if you are in any doubt, call your local poison center or visit the emergency room.

USA
Call 1-800-222-1222. There are 60 poison control centers, but this is a centralized emergency hotline. Or call 911.

Canada
There is no centralized phone number. Here is a list of poison information centers in Canada. Or call 911.

UK
England and Scotland: dial 111 for emergency poisons information. In the Republic of Ireland, dial 01 809 2166.

Australia
National poisons information hotline: 13 11 26. Or call 000 for an ambulance.

FIRST AID PROCEDURES

Adverse skin reactions

This is the most common type of adverse reaction across all age groups, and is often associated with the use of undiluted essential oils. The most generally useful non-pharmaceutical way to soothe inflamed skin is with a preparation of oats/oatmeal.

Signs and symptoms
Topical exposure to some essential oils may cause local skin reactions including irritation, allergic reaction, and photosensitization. All of these involve burning and redness of the skin, and may include itching, pain and hives (small blisters). More here:Irritation and Allergy

In rare cases, skin reactions may occur even in remote areas of the body (ie not where the essential oils were applied). In very rare cases anaphylactic shock has occurred, which may include swelling of the lips, tongue and throat, difficulty breathing, and a dramatic drop in blood pressure. If this appears to be happening, medical care should be sought immediately.

What to do

  • DO NOT APPLY ESSENTIAL OILS!
  • Remove any contaminated clothing.
  • Wash the skin gently with (preferably unperfumed) soap and water for at least 10 minutes
  • Expose the skin to the air (but not to direct sunlight) to encourage evaporation of remaining essential oil.
  • Lukewarm oatmeal baths may help soothe reactions spread over large areas of skin (and see infographic).
  • Application of a simple barrier cream, or a mild corticosteroid cream is the normal medical approach (although allergic contact dermatitis to topical corticosteroids is possible).
  • Oral antihistamines may help reduce itching (topical antihistamines should be avoided because of the risk of allergic contact dermatitis).
  • Seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Eye contact

This generally occurs by accident (touching eyes with oily fingers, or using the wrong product instead of eye drops). Undiluted essential oils should never be applied to or very close to the eyes, which are very sensitive to chemical burns. More here: http://roberttisserand.com/2013/02/essential-oils-and-eye-safety/

Signs and symptoms
If essential oils get into the eyes, reddening and lacrimation are likely to occur, and a child may rub their eyes.

What to do

  • As soon as possible, flush the eye with copious amounts of water for 15-30 minutes.The reason this is better than oil is because you get a much better flushing action from water. It’s not about whether or not essential oils dissolve in water or oil, it’s about washing the oil off as soon as possible.
  • Fill a sink or dishpan with water. Put your face in the water, then open and close your eyelids to force water to all parts of youreye. You can also flush youreye gently under a running faucet, kitchen sink sprayer, or shower. You may need to open and close your eyelids with your fingers. Move your eye in all directions during the flushing so that all areas of your eye are rinsed. https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/tc/eye-injury-first-aid-for-chemical-burns-topic-overview
  • If there are contact lenses, remove them after the first 5 minutes, then continue rinsing eye.
  • Ensure adequate flushing of the eyes by separating the eyelids with fingers.
  • After flushing, a drop of vegetable oil may be applied to the eye.
  • Seek medical advice if irritation persists.

Ingestion

Ingesting large amounts of essential oil, either in one dose or over time, can lead to toxicity. The definition of “large” depends on the essential oil and the body weight of the individual. The most common cause of toxicity due to overdose is in young children who are unsupervised, and drink the contents of a bottle of essential oil. Near-fatal cases occur every year. Keep your essential oils away from children!

Signs and symptoms
The initial effects may include mucosal irritation, stomach pain, vomiting and diarrhea, and that convulsions, CNS depression and hepatic and renal failure may follow (Riordan et al 2002).

What to do

  • Do not induce vomiting (corrosive chemicals may destroy mucous membranes, and there is a risk of aspiration into the victim’s lungs during vomiting).
  • If the person is conscious and not convulsing, rinse mouth with water and immediately call a hospital or poison center. Avoid alcohol.
  • If the person is convulsing or unconscious do not give anything by mouth, ensure their airway is open and lay them on their side with the head lower than the body. See here for how to put a person into safe recovery position.
  • Contact the local emergency services for evaluation and transport to a hospital as soon as possible.
  • Note that activated charcoal is regarded as ineffective for treating essential oil poisoning (Jepsen and Ryan 2005).

Inhalation

The inhalation of essential oil vapors is not generally dangerous, but very intensive inhalation for more than about 20 minutes may lead to respiratory distress and/or neurological symptoms, such as headache, nausea, burning of eyes and throat, cough, shortness of breath, or slowed breathing in young children.

What to do

  • Remove person to fresh air.
  • If not breathing, perform artificial respiration.
  • Seek medical attention if symptoms are serious.

Nasal instillation

If essential oils have been instilled nasally (dropped into the nose), signs and symptoms of airway irritation are likely, ranging from nasal irritation through various degrees of respiratory edema and distress to respiratory arrest. If sufficient amounts are absorbed by this route, systemic poisoning may result, as for oral ingestion (Tisserand & Young 2014).

What to do

  • Remove person to fresh air.
  • If not breathing, give artificial respiration, preferably mouth-to-mouth.
  • Seek medical attention if symptoms are serious.

REPORTING ADVERSE EVENTS

This section is not for emergency care.

In the USA, consumers and health professionals can report adverse events electronically to essential oils by visiting the FDA’s Medwatch site at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/medwatch/medwatch-online.htm (accessed January 2nd 2018).

In Canada, essential oil reactions can be reported to Health Canada, by visitinghttps://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/consumer-product-safety/advisories-warnings-recalls/report-incident-involving-consumer-product.html (January 2nd 2018).

In the UK, the equivalent body is the MHRA, and their website can be accessed at https://www.gov.uk/report-problem-medicine-medical-device (accessed January 2nd 2018).

In Australia, adverse events can be reported to the Therapeutic Goods Administration http://www.tga.gov.au/reporting-problems (accessed January 2nd 2018).

References

Gummin, D.D., Mowry, J.B., Spyker, D.A., et al (2016). Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS): 34th Annual Report. Clinical Toxicology, 5(10), 1072-1252. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15563650.2017.1388087

Jepsen, F., & Ryan, M. (2005). Poisoning in children. Current Paediatrics, 15(7), 563–568. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cupe.2005.08.006

Riordan, M., Rylance, G., & Berry, K. (2002). Poisoning in children 4: Household products, plants, and mushrooms. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 87(5), 403–406. http://doi.org/10.1136/adc.87.5.403

Tisserand, R., Young, R. (2014). Essential Oil Safety 2e. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh

How to put someone into the recovery position, CPR blog at CPR-Test.org,http://cpr-test.org/how-to-put-someone-into-the-recovery-position/, accessed Jan 9, 2018

What to do when experiencing an adverse reaction - Tisserand Institute (2024)

FAQs

How do you treat an allergic reaction to essential oils? ›

Most reactions to essential oils are mild and can be treated at home. If you applied the oil topically, thoroughly wash the affected skin with gentle soap and cool water. Applying a cold, wet compress to your skin can feel soothing. You can also apply a mild hydrocortisone cream to the rash to relieve itching.

Can inhaling peppermint oil hurt you? ›

Peppermint oil should be kept away from children and infants as it may trigger breathing issues. The oil, in large doses, may also lead to seizures and harm the digestive system. It is also unsafe for the lungs and pregnant and lactating women. Caution is highly advised.

What happens if you accidentally eat essential oils? ›

Symptoms of toxicity include: drowsiness, slow/shallow breathing, coma (after large ingestion) seizures. persistent cough, gagging/choking, shortness of breath, wheezing.

Can you put too much essential oil in a diffuser? ›

Adding too many drops to your diffuser can lead to headaches and dizziness in the short term and there is also evidence to suggest that overuse can cause throat, lung and blood pressure problems in the long term.

How do you calm an allergic reaction to your body? ›

If you're experiencing mild hives or angioedema, these tips may help relieve your symptoms:
  1. Avoid triggers. ...
  2. Use an anti-itch drug available without a prescription. ...
  3. Apply cold. ...
  4. Take a comfortably cool bath. ...
  5. Wear loose, smooth-textured cotton clothing. ...
  6. Protect your skin from the sun.
Sep 28, 2022

How do you calm an allergic reaction? ›

Try an over-the-counter remedy
  1. Oral antihistamines. Antihistamines can help relieve sneezing, itching, a stuffy or runny nose, and watery eyes. ...
  2. Corticosteroid nasal sprays. These medications improve nasal symptoms. ...
  3. Cromolyn sodium nasal spray. ...
  4. Oral decongestants.

Who should not take peppermint oil? ›

Peppermint oil has been used for stomach/intestinal disorders (such as upset stomach, cramps, irritable bowel syndrome-IBS). This product should not be used by children younger than 8 years. Some herbal/diet supplement products have been found to contain possibly harmful impurities/additives.

How do you remove peppermint oil from your body? ›

Anytime you accidentally find yourself with some essential oil on your skin, it's best to use soap and water to clean up. If the skin continues to be red or irritated, then apply a thin layer of Coconut Oil or Aloe Jelly to the area.

How long do essential oils stay in your bloodstream? ›

From Skin to Blood

The study also calculated their half-lives: 13.76 minutes for linalool and 14.30 minutes for linalyl acetate. This demonstrates that these essential oil constituents do not remain in the bloodstream for long, and are readily metabolized by the body.

Do essential oils enter the bloodstream? ›

Essential oil molecules are so minute that when they are applied to the skin; they are able to pass through the strateum corneum (the outer layer of the epidermis). From here the oil molecule passes through dermis, into the capillaries and into the bloodstream.

Can your body absorb essential oils? ›

When essential oils are applied to the skin they are absorbed and travel around the body via the bloodstream. In this way they are able to deliver a range of benefits to the body's systems and organs. Absorption is increased by massage, as this increases the circulation in that area of the body.

Can you sleep next to an essential oil diffuser? ›

While there are a few safety concerns which we'll get into below, as long as you're using a high quality diffuser and high quality essential oils, there's likely no problem with sleeping with your diffuser on overnight.

Is it OK to sleep with an oil diffuser on? ›

It is probably okay to sleep with an essential oil diffuser if you are using a diffuser that is designed for short periods and if you are using a non-irritating oil. However, it is always best to consult with a doctor or other medical professional before doing so, just to be safe.

Can I put Vicks Vaporub in my essential oil diffuser? ›

A: No, you can only add oils to it.

Does Benadryl help with allergic reaction? ›

An antihistamine pill, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl), isn't enough to treat anaphylaxis. These medications can help relieve allergy symptoms, but they work too slowly in a severe reaction.

When should you go to the ER for an allergic reaction? ›

"Anytime your breathing is compromised, or you feel like your face or tongue are starting to swell up, or you start to have stridor — that squeaky kind of breathing — you need to make sure you're calling 911 and getting to the nearest emergency room," she adds.

Does Benadryl help with allergic reactions to food? ›

Minor Allergic Reaction

In these cases, OTC or prescribed antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) may help reduce symptoms. These drugs can be taken after exposure to an allergy-causing food to help relieve skin redness, itching, or hives. However, antihistamines cannot treat a severe allergic reaction.

What are the 3 stages of an allergic reaction? ›

These antibodies travel to cells that release histamine and other chemical mediators, which cause allergy symptoms to occur. The human body carries out an allergic cascade in three stages: sensitization, “early-phase,” and “late-phase.”

How much Benadryl can I take for an allergic reaction? ›

For mild allergy symptoms in adults and children ages 12 years and older, 25 mg to 50 mg of Benadryl is recommended every 4 to 6 hours. The most you should take in a 24-hour period is 300 mg. For children ages 6 to 11 years, the recommended dose is 12.5 mg to 25 mg every 4 to 6 hours as needed.

What happens if peppermint oil touches your skin? ›

- When applied undiluted to the skin, peppermint oil may cause an icy/hot sensation, allergic reactions, skin rashes, contact dermatitis and eye irritation. - Pure peppermint oil should never be added to bath water as a severe icy/hot sensation will result.

Can peppermint oil damage your liver? ›

There were no significant changes in liver enzyme activities following acute treatment with peppermint oil.

What is the best over the counter medicine for IBS? ›

Some over-the-counter options to consider are:
  • Magnesium. ...
  • Triphala. ...
  • Stool softeners. ...
  • Calcium. ...
  • Loperamide (Imodium) ...
  • Digestive enzymes. ...
  • Probiotics. ...
  • Peppermint oil. This herbal remedy can help to relieve abdominal pain by calming the muscles in the digestive tract.

Can you put peppermint oil directly onto your skin? ›

People can use peppermint oil in a variety of ways. It can be: applied topically (on the skin) diffused in the form of essential oil.

Can you put too much peppermint oil on your skin? ›

While peppermint oil has skin-soothing properties, too much of it can (ironically) lead to irritation—redness, rashes, itching, and more. 3 It's also possible to have a peppermint oil allergy, notes Frieling.

Can I drink a drop of peppermint oil in water? ›

Drinking peppermint oil

Peppermint oil is reportedly safe to take orally and using it in this way has been proven to be safe in many clinical trials. However, you may get heartburn, nausea, abdominal pain or a dry mouth if you do drink it.

Who should not take peppermint tea? ›

If you experience indigestion due to gastroesophageal reflux disease or GERD you should avoid peppermint. Peppermint may interact with certain medications. It should not be taken with cyclosporine, a drug taken by organ transplant patients.

Why is peppermint not good for you? ›

Possible side effects of peppermint oil taken orally include heartburn, nausea, abdominal pain, and dry mouth. Rarely, peppermint oil can cause allergic reactions. Capsules containing peppermint oil are often enteric-coated to reduce the likelihood of heartburn.

Who should not drink peppermint tea? ›

Peppermint tea also interferes with some specific medications. Drugs taken for stomach acid, blood pressure, cyclosporine and diabetes, interact with peppermint tea and cause side effects (5). So, if you are on medication for any of these health issues, rather say no to peppermint tea.

What happens if you put essential oils directly on skin? ›

Essential oils have the potential to aggravate the skin. Avoid using essential oils near sensitive areas such as the eyes, ears, and mouth. Do not apply them to broken, inflamed, or irritated skin. You can look out for potential skin allergies by doing a patch test before using any carrier or essential oil.

Can essential oils damage your liver? ›

Also, remember, water and oil do not mix, and everything we ingest must be excreted from our bodies. So, high doses of essential oils over a long period of time can cause liver and kidney damage.

How do essential oils exit the body? ›

When the essential oil moves into the liver, specialized enzymes work to break down individual compounds into metabolites. These metabolites continue to circulate within the body before being eliminated, primarily in urine (1).

Does everything you put on your skin go into your bloodstream? ›

The short answer is that the claim is false. It's an over exaggeration. As you can see, there are so many different things to consider. It's very hard for a substance to be absorbed through your skin and make its way into your bloodstream.

Are essential oils toxic to breathe? ›

In general, however, essential oils are safe when used externally (not ingested) in low concentrations. For skin applications, that usually means concentrations no higher than 5%. For inhalation, use intermittent exposure (not more than 15 minutes in an hour).

Should I refrigerate my essential oils? ›

Yes, Essential Oils can be stored in the refrigerator. This option is especially ideal for those who use their oils infrequently – for example, a couple of times a year.

What part of the skin is most absorbent? ›

The most absorbent part of your skin are the hair follicles and pores which are all over your body. Some things absorb more slowly, and others, like medical patches, are designed to pass through quickly.

Does coconut oil get absorbed into bloodstream? ›

In adults, oils applied to the skin mostly do not penetrate beyond outermost layer of the skin and do not get into the circulation. Thus, the fats do not get into the circulation in any way that could be considered “nu*trition”.

What oil absorbs best into skin? ›

Coconut oil is easily absorbed into the skin and is known to have many health benefits, including those from vitamins E and K, as well as its antifungal and antibacterial properties.

What happens if you put too many drops of essential oil in diffuser? ›

For this reason you should not use more than 5-6 drops of essential oil in your aroma diffusion system according to the size of your room. The excessive amount of essential oils will result in a fragrance that is too strong and this is certainly not a suitable solution for small spaces.

Where should you not put an oil diffuser? ›

Once a diffuser is constantly running it disperses into the air in an upwards motion. So it is best not to place the diffuser in an area is close to any surface above it. We have seen damage on mirrors, paintings, cabinets and towel holders from the placement of oil dispensers.

Where is the best place to put an essential oil diffuser? ›

Placing your diffuser somewhere high up and open is always best as it can then utilise any airflow to fill the room. We advise to keep the diffuser out of direct sunlight to avoid the oils evaporating, which would not help those luxurious scents last.

Can you use tap water for diffuser? ›

The instructions included in many of today's essential oil diffusers recommend that you use tap water in your diffuser because it includes natural minerals that help the water diffuse into a vapor better than distilled water.

How long should diffuser run? ›

Some very basic oils like Lemon and Peppermint may be able to be diffused for longer amounts of time at low levels of output, but the general recommendations are to limit diffusing sessions to 30-60 minutes, depending on the oil. More intense oils such as Eucalyptus may need to be limited to 20-30 minutes per session.

What happens if you forget to turn off a diffuser? ›

Diffusers can overheat and could cause a fire. This is only a concern if you own a heat-powered electric diffuser. Many individuals also utilize essential oil burners, which are always dangerous because an open flame is engaged. If you're concerned about safety, I recommend Nebulizing Diffusers.

What essential oils should not be used in a diffuser? ›

Dr. Block advises against diffusing lavender and tea tree oils because of the potential complications, particularly in children and teens. Pregnant women and people who have hormone-related medical conditions such as diabetes should talk to their doctors before using essential oils topically or with a diffuser.

How do you decongest essential oils? ›

How to use essential oils
  1. Inhaling directly: Add a few drops of essential oil to a tissue and gently breathe in, holding the tissue near the face. ...
  2. Inhaling steam: Add a few drops of essential oil to a bowl of boiling water and inhale the steam. ...
  3. Using a diffuser: Essential oil diffusers disperse the oil into the air.

What does an allergic reaction to essential oils look like? ›

The most common allergic reaction to an essential oil is contact dermatitis — an itchy, red rash on your skin typically where the oil has been applied. In some cases, the rash may also blister or peel. The reaction may not always be immediate, you may not develop symptoms for several hours, or even days.

How long does it take for an allergic reaction to go away on its own? ›

Skin allergy symptoms often go away on their own in a week or two, but treatment may make you more comfortable in the meantime. If you have serious symptoms like trouble breathing or swelling in your throat, they could be signs of a life-threatening reaction called anaphylaxis. Call 911 right away.

How long does it take for symptoms of an allergic reaction to go away? ›

It can take anywhere from a few hours to 10 days. Typically, it takes from 12 hours to 3 days. Even with treatment, symptoms can last 2 to 4 weeks. Learn more about contact dermatitis causes, symptoms, and treatments.

How do you calm an allergic reaction naturally? ›

The good news is there are many natural remedies you can try to control your allergy symptoms:
  1. Cleanse your nose. Pollens adhere to our mucus membranes. ...
  2. Manage stress. ...
  3. Try acupuncture. ...
  4. Explore herbal remedies. ...
  5. Consider apple cider vinegar. ...
  6. Visit a chiropractor. ...
  7. Detox the body. ...
  8. Take probiotics.

What are 2 signs of a severe allergic reaction? ›

Anaphylaxis (Severe Allergic Reaction)
  • Skin rashes, itching or hives.
  • Swelling of the lips, tongue or throat.
  • Shortness of breath, trouble breathing or wheezing (whistling sound during breathing)
  • Dizziness and/or fainting.
  • Stomach pain, bloating, vomiting or diarrhea.
  • Uterine cramps.

What are two 2 of the typical signs and symptoms of severe allergic reaction? ›

Signs and symptoms include:
  • Skin reactions, including hives and itching and flushed or pale skin.
  • Low blood pressure (hypotension)
  • Constriction of the airways and a swollen tongue or throat, which can cause wheezing and trouble breathing.
  • A weak and rapid pulse.
  • Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea.
  • Dizziness or fainting.
Oct 2, 2021

What are some of the signs symptoms that a person is having a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis? ›

Symptoms of anaphylaxis
  • feeling lightheaded or faint.
  • breathing difficulties – such as fast, shallow breathing.
  • wheezing.
  • a fast heartbeat.
  • clammy skin.
  • confusion and anxiety.
  • collapsing or losing consciousness.

How can I speed up the recovery of an allergic reaction? ›

Antihistamine medication to calm down the rash and reduce itching caused by hives.
...
Treating an Allergic Reaction Rash
  1. Avoiding scratching or touching the affected area.
  2. Using a cold compress to soothe the rash.
  3. Taking cool or tepid showers or baths (hot water can aggravate and dry out the skin)
Aug 21, 2020

What are the 4 types of allergic reactions? ›

When your body is hypersensitive to certain stimuli, its negative response can be classified into four distinct types of allergic reaction: anaphylactic, ​​cytotoxic, immunocomplex, or cell-mediated. Each one is triggered in different ways and can manifest differently in each person.

When should I go to the doctor for allergic reaction? ›

"If you have a simple rash, and you're itching, you can probably go to urgent care. But if you have a rash and vomiting, you should go to the ER." An anaphylactic allergic reaction can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical treatment.

Can you have mild anaphylaxis? ›

Definition of Anaphylaxis

It can be mild, moderate to severe, or severe. Most cases are mild but any anaphylaxis has the potential to become life-threatening. Anaphylaxis develops rapidly, usually reaching peak severity within 5 to 30 minutes, and may, rarely, last for several days.

What is the difference between allergic reaction and anaphylaxis? ›

Allergic reactions are common in children. Most reactions are mild. A severe allergic reaction (i.e. anaphylaxis) involves a person's breathing and/or circulation. Anaphylaxis is the most severe form of an allergic reaction and is life threatening.

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