updated
The Spear is your main melee weapon. It has two attacks, a light and heavy, and as time goes on you can unlock stealth attacks and Override attacks.
The Spear cannot be sold, nor can new ones be purchased. Instead, there is a Side Quests that, once completed, will result in your spear getting upgraded.
Upgrading The Spear
To upgrade your spear initially, complete the In Her Mother's Footsteps. This will give your weapon a small damage boost early on.
advertisem*nt
To further increase it, you must unlock damage talents in the level up menu. There are several that will increase it's base damage, as well as increase it's ability to smash off armor.
Lastly, by completing Cauldrons you can increase it's ability to Override various machines.
New Spear
Once you're near the end of the game, you will get a new melee weapon during a main scenario mission that replaces Aloy's normal spear.