Who to name as executor when family members aren’t an option - MoneySense (2024)

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By Jason Heath, CFP on February 21, 2023
Estimated reading time: 5 minutes

By Jason Heath, CFP on February 21, 2023
Estimated reading time: 5 minutes

It’s not always possible or beneficial to name a family member or close friend as executor in your will. Here’s when you should consider a professional or trust company.

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Who to name as executor when family members aren’t an option - MoneySense (1)

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We are told to have a will, but what do you do if you have no family, or if you do, they reside overseas?

To our surprise, we learned that the big Canadian banks offer executor and power of attorney (POA) services. It’s not well advertised on their websites.

We have interviewed two banks. The fees and structure were very similar. We are still drafting papers with the lawyer and including the bank.

Our executor died recently, so with great urgency we needed to redo our will and POA. By picking an institution, first death as an alternate to surviving spouse and second death, doing everything, we feel we have covered what needs to be covered.

I would love to read anything on using a Canadian bank as your alternate executor, alternate attorney, executor and/or attorney.

—Gwenna

Naming an institution as executor or power of attorney

Every adult Canadian should have a will that is valid and up-to-date. The primary party to name in a will is the executor, who is ultimately responsible for carrying out your final wishes and distributing your estate.

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For most people, their executor is their spouse. If you have adult children, one or more of them may be the natural replacement executor. For people who are single or without children, the decision of whom to appoint as executor can be more difficult. So, I can appreciate your dilemma, Gwenna.

The role and responsibilities of a person named in a power of attorney

You can name any other family member or friend as your executor, but some people do not have a natural first or even second choice. The same challenge can exist when deciding who to name in a power of attorney, personal directive, representation agreement or mandate. These are province-specific documents that appoint someone to make financial or health care decisions on your behalf.

A power of attorney can be used if someone is incapacitated or otherwise unable to make decisions on their own. It is valid during the person’s life, after which, a will becomes the governing document upon that person’s death.

When someone is named in one of these documents, they do not need to literally do all the work on their own, Gwenna. They can hire professionals to assist them, ranging from lawyers and accountants to investment advisors and other financial professionals. So, it may be less important that the chosen person has all the skills necessary to manage your finances themselves and more important that you consider them responsible and capable enough to seek out the help they may need.

There are options to name a professional in your estate documents. You can name an individual professional, or you can name a trust company. There are dozens of trust companies in Canada, and they are the only legal entities permitted to hold property in trust as agent or executor. Each of the banks owns trust companies and offers trust services. Unlike individuals, trust companies do not die, move abroad or change their mind.

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Should you name a non-resident in your estate documents?

Naming a non-resident to act for you in your power of attorney or will, Gwenna, can create complexities. Securities regulations may impede their ability to manage your investments. It may also be difficult to deal with your affairs from abroad. There may also be income tax reporting or other country-specific implications of their role as a non-resident. They may also need to obtain an estate bond, which is effectively an insurance policy required to mitigate the risk of their not carrying out their duties properly.

As a result, a trust company can be a good option if there is not a natural family member or friend to choose or if these individuals are not Canadian residents. A trust company can also be a good choice if your financial affairs are complex or contentious.

The downside to naming a trust company

A drawback of naming a trust company is the cost. A trust company will typically require a signed fee agreement and may want specific wording inserted into your estate documents. Mind you, the compensation may be similar to what a non-professional may be entitled to under the applicable provincial fee guidelines. So, arguably, there may be a better value to naming a trust company for the same cost, depending on whether or not the individual or individuals you are considering are beneficiaries.

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Some assets may be able to avoid passing through an estate and reduce the estate’s complexity and cost. Registered accounts like registered retirement savings plans (RRSPs) and tax-free savings accounts (TFSAs) can have named beneficiaries, as can an insurance policy. Jointly held assets may also pass directly to a survivor.

But there can be risks and drawbacks to naming beneficiaries directly; you may have more control over your estate by naming it as beneficiary and allowing it to deal with things through your will. Joint ownership, especially with non-residents, can also be risky unless it is with a spouse.

In summary, Gwenna, deciding whom to name in your estate documents can be difficult, especially in situation such as yours. Naming a trust company may be a good fit in your case.

Jason Heath is a fee-only, advice-only Certified Financial Planner (CFP) at Objective Financial Partners Inc. in Toronto. He does not sell any financial products whatsoever.

Read more from Jason Heath:

  • Can an executor borrow money to cover probate costs?
  • Estate planning and trusts for a beneficiary with a disability
  • The tax implications of working abroad for residents and non-residents of Canada
  • Can an estate contribute to an RESP account?

Who to name as executor when family members aren’t an option - MoneySense (2)

About Jason Heath, CFP

Jason Heath is a fee-only, advice-only Certified Financial Planner (CFP) at Objective Financial Partners Inc. in Toronto. He does not sell any financial products whatsoever.

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Who to name as executor when family members aren’t an option - MoneySense (2024)

FAQs

Who to name as executor when family members aren’t an option - MoneySense? ›

There are options to name a professional in your estate documents. You can name an individual professional, or you can name a trust company.

Who is best to act as an executor? ›

Given the magnitude of the responsibilities and the intimacy of the role, you may want to name a close friend or relative as executor, someone who fully understands and respects your wishes, as well as those of your beneficiaries, and who might handle your sentimental heirlooms and other property more sensitively than ...

Who is the best person to make as your executor? ›

Choosing an executor

Most people choose close and trusted family members (spouse, child, sibling, etc.) as their executor. In cases where there is more than one child, it's common to assign the responsibility to all or some of their adult children, so no one is left out.

What to do if you have no one to be executor? ›

If you don't have any friends or family members to appoint as your executor, there are a few other options to consider: Hiring a professional executor. An attorney or financial planner can serve as a professional executor for your estate.

Who should I appoint as executor? ›

If there's someone in your family who you think will handle the job well, it can be a good idea to have them as an executor. For example, it's common to name one of your children, a niece or nephew or an adult grandchild.

Should a beneficiary be an executor? ›

Yes, the executor of the estate also can be a beneficiary of the will, and often is. Many people will select one of their grown children to be their executor. Children are primarily the beneficiaries of parents' wills. In California, an executor must be at least 18 years old and of sound mind.

Who has more power executor or trustee? ›

It depends. If most of a decedent's estate is put into a trust, then the trustee of the trust would have more power. If by power you mean the capacity to distribute the decedent's estate. Generally, this tends to be the case if a person creates a trust and a will during their lifetime.

Is power of attorney better than executor? ›

Power of attorney is only effective while you're alive and executors only assume responsibilities once you pass away. However, you should keep in mind that these are both big jobs with a lot of responsibility. Appointing the same person to both roles may be asking a lot of him or her.

Should your financial advisor be your executor? ›

One of the primary advantages of selecting a financial advisor as an executor is their knowledge of managing financial matters. They deeply understand investment strategies, tax planning, and wealth management, which can be invaluable in administering complex estates.

Who is usually the executor? ›

An executor is an individual – typically a lawyer, accountant or family member – responsible for ensuring that the deceased's last will and testament is carried out. The executor is also responsible for paying off any debts that the deceased had when she died.

What happens if you don't trust the executor? ›

If the court rules that the executor was indeed incompetent or engaged in an act of misconduct, it will appoint a new executor. The court will likely appoint an alternate executor named in the will or trust by the decedent. If an alternate is not named by the decedent, another person will be appointed.

How do you ask someone to be your executor? ›

Naturally, your friend or family member probably won't know what is expected of them when the day comes to fulfill the role. Following asking them to administer your estate in the wake of your death, the ideal thing to do would be to provide them with an outline of expectations and responsibilities regarding your will.

What happens if one executor dies? ›

If an executor of a Will dies before the person who made the Will, then it is down to any other named executors to take on the responsibility of administering the estate. If the testator (the one who made the Will) only appointed one executor, then it is a good idea to draft a new Will.

Can an executor withhold money from a beneficiary? ›

Executors are legally empowered to withhold money from a beneficiary if there's a legitimate and lawful reason, such as unsettled debts, taxation issues, or ongoing estate litigation.

Should a trustee also be an executor? ›

In some cases, one person may be appointed to fulfill both roles of Executor and Trustee; this is quite common. However, it is important to consider whether this is the right decision carefully. The fiduciary duties of each role are distinct, and the time frames in which the duties are required may also be different.

Is it a good idea to have two executors? ›

In most situations, it's not a good idea to name co-executors. When you're making your will, a big decision is who you choose to be your executor—the person who will oversee the probate of your estate. Many people name their spouse or adult child. You can, however, name more than one person to serve as executor.

Can an executor be trusted? ›

You'll play a critical role in administering an estate and carrying out the terms of a Will. Individuals nominated as Executors are generally trusted and respected by the Testator, or the person making the Will.

Should your spouse be the executor of your will? ›

Typically, spouses name one another as executor of each other's wills. But you should also name another person or corporate trustee as a successor in each will. Also worth noting is a mirror will leaves all of your estate to the surviving spouse, after specific distributions to named beneficiaries.

What is the difference between an executor and a trustee? ›

Generally, an executor administers the estate of the person who died, while a trustee administers a trust for the benefit of the named beneficiaries. A guardian makes decisions for minor children of the person who died or for an incapacitated adult.

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