Wheelchair Skills Test (WST, WST-Q) (2024)

Measurement Property Summary

# of studies reporting psychometric properties: 9

Interpretability

Higher scores indicate greater wheelchair skills.

Threshold Values

55.6% of participants (28.6% of tetraplegic participants) scored over 80% (empirical cut-off for distinguishing people with advanced MWC skills, mainly skills required to control wheelies)

(Lemay et al., 2011; N = 54, 41 male; mixed injury types; 12+ months of manual WC use)

MCID: not established in SCI

SEM: 5.0 (Rushton et al. 2016: N = 72, 19% SCI; 36 males; mean(SD) age 60.7 (7.3))

MDC: 6.2 (Rushton et al. 2016: N = 72, 19% SCI; 36 males; mean(SD) age 60.7 (7.3))

Reliability

Test-retest reliability is Moderate to High for the WST (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient = 0.84-0.94, Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.65) for measured speeds.

(Pradon et al., 2012: N = 40, 30 male; mixed injury types; mean (range) 79.8 (1-360) months in rehabilitation; Kirby et al., 2002; N = 24, 3 SCI; 16 male; mixed diagnoses)

Test-retest reliability is Moderate to High for the WST (ICC = 0.91) for manual wheelchair users.

(WST v.4.1 for manual wheelchair users; Lindquist et al., 2010: N=11, 9 SCI, 9 male; no info on SCI types)

Inter-rater Reliability is Moderate to High for the WST (ICC = 0.92-0.95, Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.95) for measured speeds.

(Pradon et al., 2012: N = 40, 30 male; mixed injury types; mean (range) 79.8 (1-360) months in rehabilitation; Kirby et al., 2002; N = 24, 3 SCI; 16 male; mixed diagnoses)

Inter-rater reliability is Moderate to High for the WST (ICC = 0.855) for manual wheelchair users.

(WST v.4.1 for manual wheelchair users; Lindquist et al., 2010: N = 11, 9 SCI, 9 male; no info on SCI types)

Intra-rater Reliability is High for the WST (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient = 0.950, Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.96)

(WST v.4.1 for manual wheelchair users; Lindquist et al., 2010: N = 11, 9 SCI, 9 male; no info on SCI types; Kirby et al., 2002; N = 24, 3 SCI; 16 male; mixed diagnoses)

Internal Consistency is High for the WST (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.90)

(Rushton et al. 2016; N = 72, 19% SCI; 36 males; mean(SD) age 60.7 (7.3))

Number of studies reporting reliability data: 6

Validity

Correlations between the WST and the Wheeled Distance per Day are Moderate (Pearson’s r = 0.36).

Correlations between the WST and age are Moderate (Pearson’s r = -0.32).

(Lemay et al., 2011; N = 54, 41 male; mixed injury types; 12+ months of manual WC use)

Correlations between the WST and Measured Speeds are Moderate (Pearson’s r = 0.57-0.75).

(Absolute values of correlations; Pradon et al., 2012: N = 40, 30 male; mixed injury types; mean (range) 79.8 (1-360) months in rehabilitation)

Correlations between the WST and the WST-Q are High (Pearson’s r = 0.65).

(Rushton et al. 2016; N = 72, 19% SCI; 36 males; mean(SD) age 60.7 (7.3))

Predictive validity

WST predicts CHART and SWLS scores.

(Hosseini et al., 2012; N=214; mixed injury types; mean(SD) 11.7(11) years post SCI)

Number of studies reporting validity data: 8

Responsiveness

Not established in SCI.

Floor/Ceiling Effect

No values were reported for the presence of floor/ceiling effects in the WST for the SCI population.

Reviewers

Dr. William Miller, Matthew Querée, Sharon Jang, Gita Manhas

Date Last Updated

22 July 2020

Wheelchair Skills Test (WST, WST-Q) (2024)

FAQs

What is the standardized wheelchair skills test? ›

The WST is a standardized evaluation method that permits a set of representative wheelchair skills to be simply and inexpensively documented. This test is intended to assess a specific person in a specific wheelchair in a standardized manner.

What is a 3 point wheelchair turn technique? ›

Three-point turns (e.g. using an opening like a doorway to turn around and go back in the opposite direction) can be carried out by making the first turn into the opening while moving forward, followed by a backward turn in the opposite direction.

How to learn to use a wheelchair? ›

How to use a manual wheelchair
  1. Going forward in a wheelchair — To self-propel forward, grip the wheelchair hand rims near the back of chair. ...
  2. Turning a wheelchair — To turn right, push forward on the left hand rim to propel the left wheel forward while slowing down or stopping the right wheel.

What happens at a wheelchair assessment? ›

The assessment should begin by addressing the reason for the referral and the desired outcome of the intervention. At a minimum this should include the client's primary problems/issues related to their mobility status, postural support, health, safety, and ability to function within the environment.

What is the code for wheelchair assessment? ›

Overview of Code 97542

Code 97542 is used to report management of a patient using a wheelchair including assessment (eg, pos- tural/positioning needs), fitting (eg, pressure relief), and training (eg, getting in and out of the wheelchair safely and managing wheelchair propulsion on various terrains).

How to push faster in a wheelchair? ›

If you find pushing your wheelchair hard work, these “Fit Grips” could be just what you need. These rubber sleeves slip easily over you hand rim so increasing the diameter of the rim. This allows you to get a better grip and can also reduce the stress and strain on your hands, wrists, and forearms.

What is the turning radius of a wheelchair? ›

For manual wheelchair users, the T-shaped turning space should be in a 60 inch square minimum space, with arms and base 36 inches wide. And for electric wheelchair, scooter, or reclining wheelchair users, the T-shaped turning space should be in a 94 inch square minimum space with arms and base minimum 40 inches wide.

When maneuvering a wheelchair What should you avoid? ›

Never attempt to negotiate stairs unassisted. Never use an escalator to move a wheelchair between floors. Never attempt to lift wheelchair by its armrests or leg rests. It is advisable to use a lift to move between floors if one is available.

What disabilities use a wheelchair? ›

These include but are not limited to amputation, paralysis, cerebral palsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, arthritis and spinal cord injury.

What is a wheelchair answer? ›

: a chair mounted on wheels especially for the use of disabled persons.

What is the wheelchair skills app? ›

We have developed a Back Up wheelchair skills app, so you can practice using a wheelchair wherever you are. The wheelchair skills app, over a series of short videos made by Back Up staff and volunteers, demonstrates the key skills needed to confidently and independently get around in your wheelchair.

What is the wheelchair skills test? ›

Used to objectively evaluate manual wheelchair skills and safety. There are 5 versions, including manual wheelchairs, powered wheelchairs and scooters, for both wheelchair users and caregivers (excepting scooters).

What is the best practice when assisting a wheelchair user? ›

  1. Ask before you help them. ...
  2. Don't make assumptions about why a person is using a wheelchair. ...
  3. Speak directly to a wheelchair user. ...
  4. Don't use their parking spots or restroom stalls. ...
  5. Sit down for long conversations with a wheelchair user. ...
  6. Don't ask for a go in their chair.
Aug 6, 2019

What is it called when you use a wheelchair but can still walk? ›

The term ambulatory wheelchair user refers to people who have a disability or chronic illness and use a wheelchair, though they may have some capacity to walk in limited and particular circ*mstances.

What is the standard for wheelchair crash test? ›

ISO 7176-19 is the wheelchair crash test standard which has been derived from a crash test already in use in the motor industry where wheelchairs containing a test dummy are crash tested at a speed of 48kph and at an impact deceleration of 20g.

What fitness test is used for people in wheelchairs? ›

The Six-Minute Push Test (6MPT) is a modified form of the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) developed for individuals who use a wheelchair to ambulate. The Six-Minute Walk and Push Tests are field-based assessments of VO2 and functional change.

What is CBST criteria basic skills test? ›

The CBST (Criteria Basic Skills Test) is designed to evaluate your math and verbal skills. It paints a broad picture of your ability to learn, train, and pay attention to details. You'll have 20 minutes to answer 40 questions on language skills, spelling, basic grammar, and math.

What is a mat assessment wheelchair? ›

The MAT is commonly used by seating clinicians as part of the seating assessment process. It may also be referred to as a biomechanical assessment and physical evaluation. The MAT is a musculoskeletal examination of the client's: Range of motion.

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