Most glass is made of silica (sand), lime, and soda ash. These ingredients have natural impurities (like iron oxide), so they produce a greenish glass. Glassmakers have been adding chemicals to glass since Roman times to try and make clear glass, but it wasn't until the 15th century that they were able to develop a dependable formula. In the late 1400s,glassmakers in Venice, Italy, developed a perfectly clear type of glass called cristallo. They used quartz sand and potash to make the glass. This glass was prized because it was so clear, which might seem strange to us, because clear glass is so common today.
The development of clear glass led to the invention of important technology like magnifying lenses and reading glasses. Later on, in 1674, a man named George Ravenscroft invented a type of glass known as lead crystal. He added lead oxide to his glass recipe to make brilliant colorless glass. This glass was often cut with complex geometric patterns to make the glass sparkle like real gemstones. Today clear glass is pretty common, but it took many hundreds of years before glass was both clear and cheap enough for average people to buy!
The top choice for those interested in using high-transparency glass is low-iron glass
low-iron glass
The greenish tint of this float glass is from iron impurities. Low-iron glass does not exhibit this color. Low-iron glass typically has a ferric oxide content of about 0.01%. Ordinary plate glass has about 10 times as much iron content. Low-iron glass is made from low-iron silica sand.
. During its production, iron oxide is carefully removed by the glass manufacturer before the material is transformed into the desired application. As a result, the greenish tone is absent, which makes the glass basically colorless.
The melted silicon dioxide filters away any and all impurities. While sand has impurities that render it visible, pure silicon dioxide forms a robust crystal which is clear glass.
To offset the yellow/green when making flint, or “colorless” glass, other colors are introduced by adding selenium and cobalt in proportions that yield gray glass that appears colorless, hence the term “decolorization.”
Glass, being silicon dioxide--not pure silicon--does not have this band structure, so it cannot absorb light as pure silicon does. Sand, on the other hand, is also silicon dioxide, but it is so filled with impurities that light simply scatters outward incoherently and does not pass through to a noticeable extent.
The energy carried by photons of visible light aren't enough to be absorbed by electrons within silica molecules. As a result, the electrons in glass window atoms simply ignore the photons of visible light that hit them, letting them pass through in the process.
Clear glass, also referred to as 'Float Glass' 'Annealed Glass' or 'Standard Glass' is the most common glass that we see in everyday life, used in homes and construction.
Also known as annealed or standard glass, it's one of the most common commercial glass types. Standard, clear glass is made by combining soda ash, lime, and sand and heating the materials until they become molten. The superheated mixture is then shaped and cooled.
Typical glass is made of mostly silica and silica has the same color as quartz crystals with are naturally clear without color. The color in glass comes from impurities most commonly iron oxide which gives it a light blue cast.
The color of a glass container can indicate what kinds of light can be reflected and what types pass through the surface of that glass. Clear glass permits all types all light to pass through, blue glass reflects blue light and permits other types, red glass reflects red light and lets in others, and so on.
Students often say clear when they mean colourless. Clear simply means something is transparent - you can see through it! A stained glass window is clear, but definitely not colourless. If you mean that something looks like water, use the correct term - colourless.
Green glass offers a bit more light protection. Liquids such as wine or juice can be exposed to sunbeams, so that explains the green bottles for wine. Brown, black and UV glass offers the best protection against light. The taste of beer could be ruined by light absorption, which is why it mostly comes in brown bottles.
Low-iron glass typically has a ferric oxide content of about 0.01%, one-tenth that of standard clear class. The result is its ultra-clear appearance, which is especially noticeable in lites of thick glass and multi-ply laminates.
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