The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition (2024)

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Q. Do you capitalize both words in “happy birthday”?

A. Not always. To describe the act of wishing someone a happy birthday, neither term is capitalized. To name the traditional song, both words are capitalized: “Happy Birthday to You,” or “Happy Birthday.” In dialogue (as in a published novel or story), the first term would normally be capitalized at the beginning of a sentence: “Happy birthday, Rhoda!” But in a personal greeting, you can style it however you wish: Happy Birthday! 🎈🎈🎈 (birthday-themed emoji optional).

See Also
How to Write Thank You Messages for Birthday Wishes

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The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition (6)

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NEW! Developmental Editing, Second Edition, by Scott Norton

The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition (7)

Available for Preorder! The CSE Manual: Scientific Style and Format, Ninth Edition

The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition (8)

The Chicago Guide to Fact-Checking, Second Edition, by Brooke Borel

The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition (9)

The Chicago Guide to Copyediting Fiction, by Amy J. Schneider

The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition (10)

Retro Chic(ago)

The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition (11)

Visit the CMOS Bookstore

The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition (13)

Charitable Giving Helps Advance Our Mission

The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition (14)

Books for Students, Writers, and Editors

The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition (15)

The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition (2024)
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