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I am an expert in dermatology and pharmaceuticals with a profound understanding of topical acne treatments, sulfur-based therapies, and related safety considerations. My expertise is built on a comprehensive knowledge base that encompasses various clinical studies, regulatory documents, and scientific literature, allowing me to provide insights into the concepts presented in the mentioned article by Akhavan and Bershad from 2003.
The article delves into the review of clinical properties, systemic exposure, and safety of topical acne drugs. Here are key concepts related to the mentioned citations and broader aspects of sulfur-based treatments:
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Topical Acne Drugs:
- The Akhavan and Bershad article from 2003 provides a comprehensive review of clinical properties, systemic exposure, and safety of topical acne drugs. This includes an assessment of various compounds used in the treatment of acne.
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Sulfur for Rosacea:
- The study by Blom and Hornmark in 1984 explores the use of sulfur at 10 percent concentration for the topical treatment of rosacea. This indicates that sulfur is considered in the management of skin conditions beyond acne.
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Metabolic Acidosis after Sulfur Ingestion:
- Blum and Coe's study in 1977 discusses metabolic acidosis as a potential consequence of sulfur ingestion, emphasizing the importance of understanding safety profiles and potential side effects associated with sulfur-based therapies.
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Sulfur in Scabies Treatment:
- Diaz, Cazorla, and Acosta's study in 2004 evaluates the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of precipitated sulfur petrolatum for the topical treatment of scabies, highlighting the diverse applications of sulfur in dermatology.
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FDA Classification of Benzoyl Peroxide:
- The FDA OTC ingredients list and the Federal Register from 2010 provide regulatory insights into the classification of benzoyl peroxide as safe and effective for over-the-counter use in topical acne drug products.
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Effects of Sulfur and Salicylic Acid in Dandruff Treatment:
- Leyden et al.'s study in 1987 explores the effects of sulfur and salicylic acid in a shampoo base for the treatment of dandruff. This demonstrates the versatility of sulfur in various formulations.
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Sulfur in Dermatology:
- Gupta and Nicol's review in 2004 discusses the broader use of sulfur in dermatology, further emphasizing its role beyond acne treatment.
These concepts collectively highlight the multifaceted applications of sulfur in dermatological treatments, ranging from acne and rosacea to scabies and dandruff. Additionally, they underscore the importance of understanding safety profiles and regulatory considerations in the development and use of sulfur-based therapies.
