Silent ⟨r⟩ - The Sound of English (2024)

In standard English (in England) the letter ⟨r⟩:

  • is silent if there is a consonant sound directly after.
  • is silent if there is no sound directly after.
  • is pronounced if there is a vowel sound directly after.


SILENT ⟨r⟩:

fork /fɔːk/
car /kɑː/
first /fɜːst/
horse /hɔːs/

PRONOUNCED ⟨r⟩:

forest /ˈfɒrɪst/
rack /rak/
merry /ˈmɛri/
pouring /ˈpɔːrɪŋ/

Linking ⟨r⟩

The silent⟨r⟩ rule also applies to connected speech, if a word such as CAR has a silent ⟨r⟩ at the end, this ⟨r⟩ will be pronounced if the next word begins with a vowel sound:

SILENT: Is your car here?
PRONOUNCED:
Is your car electric?

Rhotic vs Non-rhotic Accents

English accents that contain silent ⟨r⟩ are ‘non-rhotic’; these include most English accents in England, Wales, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.

Accents in which every ⟨r⟩ is pronounced are ‘rhotic’, and these include most accents in USA, Canada, Ireland, Northern Ireland and Scotland.

Silent ⟨r⟩ - The Sound of English (2024)

FAQs

What is the rule for silent letter R? ›

Silent ⟨r⟩
  • is silent if there is a consonant sound directly after.
  • is silent if there is no sound directly after.
  • is pronounced if there is a vowel sound directly after.

What is the rule for the R in English? ›

The R is only pronounced before a vowel sound. If it comes at the end, it's often replaced with the schwa sound /ə/. If it's before a consonant, elongate the vowel before it.

Are R's ever silent? ›

Silent R words

Besides the common pronunciation of the word February that leaves out the first R, the existence (or nonexistence) of silent R's largely depends on whether you have a rhotic or non-rhotic accent.

What is the hardest R word to pronounce? ›

rural. Rural, like juror and murderer, is challenging because of all of its R sounds. Rural is pronounced [ roor–uhl ].

Why is it so hard to pronounce R in English? ›

Tongue-tie may limit the range of tongue movements, which is critical for pronouncing /r/. Another possible reason a person has trouble pronouncing the r sound is a speech sound disorder affecting mouth and lip placement. Tongue placement for /r/ is very specific and difficult to learn.

Is r silent in Tired? ›

Tired is a one-syllable word that feels like a two-syllable word. That's because of the schwa-R sound. Tired, DA-da.

What if my child doesn't pronounce the r? ›

As you can imagine, the “R” sound takes time and patience to learn, as it is very complex. If your child is not consistently producing the “R” sound by the time they are in first or second grade, it may be time to consult with a certified speech-language pathologist.

Which alphabet Cannot be silent? ›

But as Merriam-Webster Dictionary points out, one unusual letter is never silent: the letter V. While it makes an appearance in words like quiver and vivid, you can rest assured it always behaves the exact same way.

What is the rule of r with examples? ›

When a syllable has a vowel that is followed by r, the vowel is “controlled” by the r and makes a new sound. Examples include car, bird, germ, form, and hurt. This rule is sometimes called “bossy r” because the r “bosses” the vowel to make a new sound.

Why can't British people pronounce their r's? ›

In England, dropping the last R is linked to cultural prestige – in America, it's the other way around. Most English speakers in England don't pronounce the last 'r' in words – a linguistic feature known as rhoticity that is deeply intertwined with class.

Why can't some people pronounce r's? ›

People with rhotacism typically produce the /r/ sound as a vowel-like sound, and this makes the /r/ word hard to understand. Often the /r/ is pronounced like a “w”. For example, “Roger Rabbit” tends to sound like “Woger Wabbit”. Rhotacism can also make other sounds difficult to distinguish.

Is the R silent in British English? ›

How do you know that the letter R is sounded or silent when it comes into the middle of the word in the British accent? As a general rule, if R is followed by a vowel that is sounded, then the R is sounded. Otherwise it is silent. So in “track”, “trek”, “trick”, “rock”, and “truck”, the R is always sounded.

When the R is silent in the British accent? ›

It is not pronounced if the next sound is a consonant sound, or if no sound follows, have a go: Note that although the < r > is silent in these words, it indicates a long vowel sound on a stressed syllable (FORK, BIRD, CART, WHERE) and a short, weak vowel sound on an unstressed syllable (FATHER, OTHER).

Why is R silent in iron? ›

The reason why the r in 'iron' is absent in British English is because the r is followed by a consonant now (followed by /n/ in /'aɪərn/) and British English is non-rhotic, meaning the r is only pronounced when followed by a vowel.

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