Potassium alum (2024)

NAV

Generic Name

Potassium alum

DrugBank Accession Number

DB09087

Background

Potassium alum is considered by the FDA as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) substance.⁹ It is an inorganic salt, also called potassium aluminum sulfate with a formula of AlK(SO4)2 that is predominantly produced in the dodecahydrate form (AlK(SO4)2 * 12H2O). Potassium alum is formed by large, transparent crystals that are used in different products like food or drugs as a buffer, neutralizing or forming agent.⁴

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved

Structure

MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI

Similar Structures

Structure for Potassium alum (DB09087)

Weight

Average: 258.205
Monoisotopic: 257.848703658

Chemical Formula

AlKO₈S₂

Synonyms

• Alum, potassium
• Aluminium potassium bis(sulphate)
• Aluminium potassium sulfate
• Aluminum potassium alum
• Aluminum potassium disulfate
• Aluminum potassium sulfate
• Aluminum potassium sulfate anhydrous
• Burnt potassium alum
• Potash alum
• Potassium aluminium sulfate
• Potassium aluminum disulfate

External IDs

• E-522
• INS NO.522
• INS-522

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Pharmacology

Indication

Potassium alum is considered safe by the FDA and its use is in homepathic or OTC products. Due to its presence in several different drugs, the main indications for the use of potassium alum are:

-Constipation¹⁰-Cosmetic or drug astringent, helping the shrinkage of tissues and the dry of secretions¹¹-Oral health care drug¹¹-Part of formulation in cleansing products, skin-care products, mosturizers, face powders and deodorants¹²-Antiperspirant¹³-Antifungal¹³

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See Also

what is the difference between alum and Potash alum ​ - Brainly.in

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Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

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Pharmacodynamics

The presence of potassium alum reduces swollen mucous membranes that result from inflammation of the nasal, gastrointestinal and urinary passages as well as in the presence of excessive secretions. The induction of the coagulation cascade will also stop bleeding.¹⁴

Mechanism of action

The main functions of potassium alum in drugs are as an astringent, antiseptic or adjuvant agent. The astringent action is performed by the induction of coagulation in the superficial tissue layers until the formation of a crust. The formation of alum ions neutralize the charges on plasma proteins, causing the blood to coagulate. Similar effect is observed in disinfectants where these ions react with the free organic acid and thiol groups of proteins on microbes and free proteins, resulting in protein precipitation. This action will generate the contraction of the tissue and dry up secretions. Its adjuvant properties are mainly used in the production of vaccines where the presence of this chemical enhances the immune response.¹⁵

Absorption

Potassium alum is found in its dodecahydrate form that produces a very large molecule. This large molecule cannot be absorbed through the skin when this substance is included as an astringent agent in topical OTC.⁵ If ingested, the aluminum salts are rapidly solubilized in the stomach and then they can generate aluminum hydroxide or poorly absorbed basic aluminum salts.⁶

Volume of distribution

The distribution of aluminum salts in the body is influenced by increased concentrations of parathyroid hormone. It was shown, in preclinical studies, that oral administration of aluminum salts produces a distribution profile that forms deposits in kidneys, muscle, bone and gray matter.⁷

Protein binding

In studies, it has been shown that aluminum and aluminum salts are highly bound to plasma proteins. From the reports, it was found that 70-90% is bound to plasma proteins of which 60-70% is related to high molecular weight proteins and 10-20% to albumin.¹

Metabolism

Potassium alum does not go through a metabolic pathway. When ingested or absorbed, it will get rapidly dissolved and it will form ions that will later generate other salt derivatives.

Route of elimination

When potassium alum is absorbed, the kidney is responsible for the elimination of the major portion of the absorbed dose.² From the excretion, 0.1-0.3% of the absorbed dose is eliminated via the urine.⁸

Half-life

Studies performed with aluminum compounds have shown a half-life of 4.5 h when administered intravenously.⁸

Clearance

Renal clearance of aluminum is approximately 5-10% of the excretion of urea or creatinine. The reduced clearance of aluminum compounds is due to the high protein binding.³

Adverse Effects

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Toxicity

There is no evidence of potassium alum that demonstrates any suspicious for it to be a hazard for the consumers in the currently approved levels of use.⁹

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

• Approved
• Vet approved
• Nutraceutical
• Illicit
• Withdrawn
• Investigational
• Experimental
• All Drugs

Drug	Interaction
Integrate drug-drug interactions in your software
Acebutolol	Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Acebutolol.
Aceclofenac	Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Aceclofenac.
Acemetacin	Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Acemetacin.
Acetylsalicylic acid	Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Acetylsalicylic acid.
Alclofenac	Potassium alum may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Alclofenac.

Food Interactions

Not Available

Products

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Product Ingredients

Ingredient	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Potassium alum dodecahydrate	Not Available	Not Available	Not applicable

Brand Name Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Gingibraid W Alum Pot Sulf 0a 0.25mg/2.5cm	Packing	0.25 mg / 2.5 cm	Dental	Van R Dental Products Inc.	1981-12-31	2007-07-31
Gingibraid W Alum Pot Sulf 1a 0.35mg/2.5cm	Packing	0.35 mg / 2.5 cm	Dental	Van R Dental Products Inc.	1981-12-31	2007-07-31
Gingibraid W Alum Pot Sulf 2a 0.65mg/2.5cm	Packing	0.65 mg / 2.5 cm	Dental	Van R Dental Products Inc.	1981-12-31	2007-07-31
Gingibraid W Alum Pot Sulf 3a 1.15mg/2.5cm	Packing	1.15 mg / 2.5 cm	Dental	Van R Dental Products Inc.	1981-12-31	2007-07-31
Gingiyarn W Alum Pot Sulf No1 0.45mg/2.5cm	Packing	.45 mg / 2.5 cm	Dental	Van R Dental Products Inc.	1981-12-31	2005-08-04

Over the Counter Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Alum Powdered	Powder		Oral	Dawson Traders Ltd.	1977-12-31	2006-03-22

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Blood Stop Liq	Potassium alum (62.2 mg / mL) + Tannic acid (62.2 mg / mL)	Liquid	Topical	Laboratoire Romilo	1979-12-31	1999-08-18
Gingibraid W Alum Pot Sulf and Epin 0e	Potassium alum (0.15 mg / 2.5 cm) + Racepinephrine hydrochloride (0.2 mg / 2.5 cm)	Packing	Dental	Van R Dental Products Inc.	1981-12-31	2007-07-31
Gingibraid W Epineph and Alum 1e	Potassium alum (0.25 mg / 2.5 cm) + Racepinephrine hydrochloride (0.4 mg / 2.5 cm)	Packing	Dental	Van R Dental Products Inc.	1981-12-31	2007-07-31
Gingibraid W Epineph and Alum 2e	Potassium alum (0.35 mg / 2.5 cm) + Racepinephrine hydrochloride (0.6 mg / 2.5 cm)	Packing	Dental	Van R Dental Products Inc.	1981-12-31	2007-07-31
Gingibraid W Epineph and Alum 3e	Potassium alum (0.55 mg / 2.5 cm) + Racepinephrine hydrochloride (0.9 mg / 2.5 cm)	Packing	Dental	Van R Dental Products Inc.	1981-12-31	2007-07-31

Categories

Drug Categories

• Adjuvants, Immunologic
• Aluminium Compounds
• Immunologic Factors
• Metal cations
• Metal divalent cations
• Potassium Salt
• Sulfates
• Sulfur Acids
• Sulfur Compounds
• Sulfuric Acids

Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire

Description

This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as post-transition metal sulfates. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is sulfate, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is a post-transition metal.

Kingdom

Inorganic compounds

Super Class

Mixed metal/non-metal compounds

Class

Post-transition metal oxoanionic compounds

Sub Class

Post-transition metal sulfates

Direct Parent

Post-transition metal sulfates

Alternative Parents

Post-transition metal salts / Inorganic salts / Inorganic oxides

Substituents

Inorganic oxide / Inorganic post-transition metal salt / Inorganic salt / Post-transition metal sulfate

Molecular Framework

Not Available

External Descriptors

potassium salt, metal sulfate, aluminium salt (CHEBI:86463)

Affected organisms

• Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII

09OXB01F3O

CAS number

10043-67-1

InChI Key

GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J

InChI

InChI=1S/Al.K.2H2O4S/c;;2*1-5(2,3)4/h;;2*(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+3;+1;;/p-4

IUPAC Name

aluminium(3+) potassium disulfate

SMILES

[Al+3].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O

References

General References

1. Elliott HL, Macdougall AI: Aluminium studies in dialysis encephalopathy. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc. 1978;15:157-63. [Article]
2. Kovalchik MT, Kaehny WD, Hegg AP, Jackson JT, Alfrey AC: Aluminum kinetics during hemodialysis. J Lab Clin Med. 1978 Nov;92(5):712-20. [Article]
3. Berlyne GM, Ben-Ari J, Pest D, Weinberger J, Stern M, Levine R, Gilmore GR: Hyperaluminaemia from aluminum resins in renal failure. Lancet. 1970 Sep 5;2(7671):494-6. [Article]
4. Burdock G. (1997). Encyclopedia of food and color additives. CRC Press.
5. Burke I. (2000). The nature of beauty . Ebury Press.
6. McEvoy G., Miller J. and Litvak K. (1990). AHFS Drug information 90.. Bethesda.
7. National research council (1981). Drinking water and health (4th ed.). National academy press.
8. Ellenhorn M.J. and Barceloux D.G. (1988). Medical toxicology: diagnosis and treatment of human poisoning. Elsevier.
9. FDA GRAS [Link]
10. Homepathic label [Link]
11. EWG's skin deep [Link]
12. Cosmetics info [Link]
13. FDA OTC ingredients [Link]
14. Encyclopaedia Britannica [Link]
15. What is alum? [Link]

External Links

PubChem Compound

24856

PubChem Substance

310265014

ChemSpider

23239

RxNav

54989

ChEBI

86463

Wikipedia

Potassium_alum

MSDS

Download (47.6 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Not Available

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Powder	Oral
Liquid	Topical
Packing	Dental	0.25 mg / 2.5 cm
Packing	Dental	0.35 mg / 2.5 cm
Packing	Dental	0.65 mg / 2.5 cm
Packing	Dental	1.15 mg / 2.5 cm
Packing	Dental
Packing	Dental	.45 mg / 2.5 cm
Packing	Dental	.8 mg / 2.5 cm
Packing	Dental	1.35 mg / 2.5 cm
Packing	Dental	.138 mg / cm
Packing	Dental	.244 mg / cm
Packing	Dental	.68 mg / cm

Prices

Not Available

Patents

Not Available

Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point (°C)	92.5 °C	'MSDS'
boiling point (°C)	200 °C	'MSDS'
water solubility	1 g/ 7.5 ml at 25ºC	Burdock G. Encyclopedia of food and color additives. (1997).

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	-0.84	Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	-3	Chemaxon
Physiological Charge	-2	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area	80.26 Å2	Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	Chemaxon
Refractivity	11.53 m3·mol-1	Chemaxon
Polarizability	5.81 Å3	Chemaxon
Number of Rings	0	Chemaxon
Bioavailability	1	Chemaxon
Rule of Five	Yes	Chemaxon
Ghose Filter	No	Chemaxon
Veber's Rule	No	Chemaxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	Chemaxon

Predicted ADMET Features

Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Not Available

Spectra

Not Available

Chromatographic Properties

Collision Cross Sections (CCS)

Not Available

Drug created at September 15, 2015 20:19 / Updated at December 02, 2023 07:01