In addition, should you be interested in how much are error pennies worth, look no further. We will provide an estimated value for these coins according to the most renowned coin grading services in the country and records from auction houses.
Types of Error Pennies
First, it is essential to understand the differences between the many known types of coin errors. The U.S Mint produces millions of examples every year and has made tens of billions of coins throughout its extensive history.
Mint employees identify most mint errors before the coin ever leaves the facility. Such faulty examples get destroyed, and their source material gets reused in new coins.
However, sometimes wrong planchet errors may pass unnoticed. A keen eye may realize their numismatic potential should these coins get into circulation.
On top of that, collectors interested in error pennies must be aware of the magnitude of the error, the coin’s overall condition, and scarcity.
As you will see on the following list of errors, these factors greatly influence how much an error penny is worth. It goes:
Doubled Die
1969-S Doubled Die Lincoln Cent
A double die is one of the most common errors in coins. However, certain rare cases of this die error are so desired in the numismatic world that they have fetched extremely high prices in auctions throughout the years. Some of the world’s rarest coins feature this type of error.
A coin die is a metal stamping tool with a negative image of a specific coin’s design on its surface. A coin hub is a piece responsible for stamping the reversed image on the dies.
The term doubled die refers to an error that can occur during the die hubbing process. On rare occasions, a die may be stamped twice by a coin hub, resulting in two identical images slightly offset on the coin’s surface. Hence the name doubled dies.
Penny planchets stamped by doubled dies show a doubling in one of its verses. Most cases are evident through the use of a magnifying glass. Their prices vary according to how drastic the doubling looks along with the coin’s condition and scarcity.
Common examples, such as the 1995 1-cent coin, were auctioned for $65 in 2021 in MS65 conditions. On the other hand, an example of a 1969-S penny sold for $49,200 in 2022, in MS64 condition.
Die Cap Pennies
The error type known as die cap happens when a penny gets stuck to a die during the stamping process.
If the penny gets jammed in the coining press, it will receive successive strikes. The resulting coin eventually forms a “cap” either on the upper or lower die, similar to a bottle cap.
The other verse of the penny tends to get flat, with fading details of its design. Examples of these valuable pennies are scarcer than others and can be sold for hundreds of U.S dollars.
Off-center Pennies
Off-centered 1943 Lincoln Cent
If a penny is not in the correct position between the dies during the stamping process, it may get struck off-centered.
Coins featuring this type of error have part of their design missing. Or, in other words, not having the center of the design matching the center of the planchet.
Coin grading services usually describe these coins with the percentage of the missing design. By doing so, they indicate how much of the blank planchet is visible and how drastic the error is.
Like all error coins, the value of this type of error cent varies. The most important factors include how much of its details are off-centered and how rare is that variant of the coin.
Pennies that have 40 to 60% of their design off-centered are considered a sweet spot by collectors since part of their design is still visible enough to identify the coin.
If the misplacing of the design is on the sweet spot, and if the coin is in overall good condition, these error pennies may vary from tens of dollars up to hundreds.
Blank Planchet Penny
Dime and Cent Blanks (Type I and II)
Should a planchet - the round piece of the source metal that gets stamped by the coin dies - by some means miss the stamping of the dies, a penny will have no design on its verses.
A blank planchet penny is an error piece often divided into two types: a blank coin with no visible rim and a blank planchet with a raised outer edge.
These types of strike errors are relatively common. Their value varies according to their source metal and if they have a raised rim. Prices can go somewhere between a couple of dollars to $29.
Broadstrike Pennies
Broad struck Lincoln Cent vs. Nickel
Broad-struck pennies have a larger diameter than usual. This type of error coin results from a mistake in the striking process when the pennies are struck outside the retaining collar.
When this happens, the collar does not retain the flow of the metal during striking. It results in an expansion of the coin’s diameter, making it look flatter.
The design of these error Lincoln cents is still visible on both sides. Broad-struck pennies may be worth $9 to $25, depending on how wide and apparent their error looks.
Clipped Planchet Pennies
As previously mentioned, pennies are struck from metal planchets from a specific strip of their source metal.
However, an error may occur in the process of cutting blank discs from the original sheet of metal. The resulting discs, or clipped planchets, have a characteristic shape, most commonly featuring a crescent-like cut on their edges.
This type of mint error is popular among collectors. Some coins containing this error can range from $14 to $20, and they may reach higher numbers according to the clipped percentage and the coin’s condition.
BIE Error Pennies
After striking many coins for an extended period, a coin die may begin to show cracks. After a while, these die breaks may begin to protuberate as raised spots on the surface relief.
The Lincoln penny dies, in particular, are commonly known for displaying die cracks resembling the letter “I” on the obverse die. This characteristic marking appears between the letters “B” and “E” on the word LIBERTY.
This Lincoln penny received the nickname “BIE” penny. One-cent coins struck from die cracks are very common and popular among collectors. An example with this striking error may be worth $5 up to $25.
Die Clash Pennies
A penny struck between two different coin dies: one housing the obverse imprint and the other the reverse.
However, a complication in the machinery that feeds the blank planchets to the dies can occur. When such happens, no blank penny is there to be struck, resulting in the clash of one die against the other.
As a result of this clash, once other blanks are fed into the dies, the design on the penny verses may show alterations. The reverse of the coin may display features of the obverse and vice-versa.
Lincoln pennies featuring mild die clashes are valued between $2 to $8. Error pennies with prominent clashes are worth $50 or more.
Re-punched Mint mark
Mint marks are a visual representation stamped into coins representing which U.S Mint facility minted the piece in question. They are tiny letters with the facilities’ initials: “P”, for Philadelphia Mint, “D” for Denver, “W” for West Point, and “S” for San Francisco.
For instance, the mint mark on the Lincoln cents is under the coin’s date.
Until the 90s, the U.S Mint used to hand punch the mint marks onto each coin die. Such manual labor involved slight variations in the marks’ placements.
Yet, eventual mistakes required the process to be redone. Repunched mint marks are reasonably common on pennies, given the many coins produced over the years.
This type of error coin is hugely popular among collectors. Repunched mint mark, or RPM pennies, are valued at about $5 or more, given that they’re commonly available.
Filled Die
1922-D Weak D Lincoln Cent
In some specific cases, so-called mint grease may interfere in the dies’ process of striking blank planchets.
This grease, which consists of a combination of dirt, metal, and oil, can gather around the area of the mint mark. After gradually filling up the die markings, the grease can affect how defined the impressed details are. Filled die errors, such as this one, can produce valuable error coins.
Different levels of “strength” are a result of this process. Weaker or close to no mint marks occur when the grease fills most of the die relief.
These error Lincoln cents are worth anywhere from $17 to $528 in circulated conditions, with key dates such as 1922 fetching higher auction prices.
Transitional Error Pennies
Throughout the Lincoln penny’s century-long history, there have been specific changes to the coin’s design or metal composition.
These changes led to errors such as striking the wrong date on a specific planchet or even a penny getting struck on a dime planchet.
Transitional error pennies include some of the most valuable pennies out there. Some famous examples can reach over a hundred thousand dollars.
To put matters into perspective, let’s look at a few of the most valuable error pennies.
Most Valuable Error Pennies
1922-D No “D”
1922-D No “D” Lincoln Cent
Contrary to 1922-D Lincoln cents bearing a weak mintmark due to the buildup of grease, this variety is believed to result from a filing of the coin dies.
After a clash of the dies responsible for striking regular 1922-D cents, there was visible damage to their impressed images. While the reverse die got replaced by a newer one, it is said that a mint employee filed the obverse die and accidentally removed the “D” Denver Mint mark.
The 1922-D No “D” cent is considered one of the most valuable wheat pennies. According to its auction history, this coin values from $329 and reaches up to $82,250.
1944 Steel Penny
1944 Steel Lincoln Cent
During WW2, the U.S war effort required copper to manufacture ammunition. For this reason, the year 1943 saw a change in the metal composition of the Lincoln cent. The copper content was briefly replaced by steel until the mint reversed it back to copper in 1944.
An extremely rare batch of 1944 pennies was produced using the previous steel planchets. There are very few coins featuring this rare error.
These planchets are believed to either be from the earlier 1943 steel penny batch or from a steel blank meant for a foreign coin that accidentally fell with the bronze blanks.
At any rate, this wrong planchet error piece has reached between $5,875 and $180,000 in auctions.
1969-S Doubled Die Obverse
1969-S Doubled Die Obverse Lincoln Cent
The 1969-S Doubled Die variety is among the most notorious mint error coins, primarily because it was considered a counterfeit long before the discovery of a genuine example.
In the late 60s and early 70s, the 1969 Lincoln cent acquired notoriety due to a counterfeiting scheme that broke the news. Following the fake coins apprehension, many original doubled die examples got destroyed along with the counterfeits.
The increased scarcity, along with the buzz surrounding this date made the 1969-S Doubled Die penny a prominent variety among coin collectors.
There are few known examples, and auction prices range from $16,500 to $126,500.
As a seasoned numismatist with a wealth of knowledge and a deep passion for coins, I'm here to delve into the fascinating world of error pennies and provide insights into the various types and their values. My expertise extends beyond casual interest, backed by extensive research, firsthand examination of rare coins, and an understanding of the intricate details that make each error penny unique.
Now, let's explore the concepts used in the article, shedding light on the types of error pennies and their characteristics:
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Doubled Die:
- Definition: A doubled die occurs during the die hubbing process when a coin die is stamped twice by a coin hub, resulting in two slightly offset identical images on the coin's surface.
- Example: 1969-S Doubled Die Lincoln Cent
- Value Factors: Drastic doubling, coin condition, and scarcity influence the value. Prices range from a few dollars to tens of thousands, depending on these factors.
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Die Cap Pennies:
- Definition: Die cap errors happen when a penny gets stuck to a die during the stamping process, forming a "cap" on one side of the coin.
- Value Factors: Scarcity plays a crucial role, and these rare pennies can be worth hundreds of U.S. dollars.
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Off-center Pennies:
- Definition: Pennies struck off-center during the stamping process, resulting in part of the design missing.
- Value Factors: The percentage of missing design influences value. Coins with 40-60% off-center are considered valuable, ranging from tens to hundreds of dollars.
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Blank Planchet Penny:
- Definition: A penny with no design on its surfaces due to a planchet missing the stamping process.
- Types: Blank coin with no visible rim and blank planchet with a raised outer edge.
- Value Factors: Source metal and the presence of a raised rim affect the value, ranging from a couple of dollars to $29.
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Broadstrike Pennies:
- Definition: Broad-struck pennies have a larger diameter than usual due to a mistake in the striking process.
- Value Range: $9 to $25, depending on the width and visibility of the error.
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Clipped Planchet Pennies:
- Definition: Coins struck from planchets with characteristic crescent-like cuts on their edges due to errors in the cutting process.
- Value Range: $14 to $20, varying with the clipped percentage and coin condition.
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BIE Error Pennies:
- Definition: Die cracks on the obverse die of Lincoln pennies resembling the letter "I" between the letters "B" and "E" in LIBERTY.
- Value Range: $5 to $25 for examples with this striking error.
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Die Clash Pennies:
- Definition: Pennies struck between two different coin dies, resulting in alterations to the design.
- Value Range: $2 to $8 for mild clashes, while prominent clashes can be worth $50 or more.
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Re-punched Mint Mark:
- Definition: Mint marks stamped into coins with slight variations due to manual punching.
- Value Range: $5 or more, given their common availability.
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Filled Die:
- Definition: Mint grease interference in the striking process, affecting the defined details of the impressed markings.
- Value Range: $17 to $528 in circulated conditions, with key dates fetching higher prices.
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Transitional Error Pennies:
- Definition: Errors resulting from changes in the coin's design or metal composition during its history.
- Examples: Wrong date on a planchet or a penny struck on a dime planchet.
- Value: Some examples can reach over a hundred thousand dollars.
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Most Valuable Error Pennies:
- Examples: 1922-D No "D," 1944 Steel Penny, 1969-S Doubled Die Obverse.
- Values: Ranging from hundreds to over a hundred thousand dollars, depending on rarity and historical significance.
With this comprehensive overview, collectors and enthusiasts can better appreciate the intricate world of error pennies and understand the factors that contribute to their rarity and value in the numismatic market.
