A mockingbird munching onberries. An owl seeking refugeamid the Spanish moss. An oriole diligently working on its hanging nest. What do all these moments captured in the photographs below have in common? Birds, sure, but also: native plants.
Inspiredby Audubon'sPlants for Birds program,the 2019Audubon Photography Awards introduced a newPlants for Birds category toraise awareness aboutthe importance of native florato all wildlife. Meanwhile, photographerswerechallenged togo beyond their comfort zones and know the local plants they were photographing as well as their target bird species.As you'll see from the varietyof stunning images here, the submissions more than exceeded our expectations.
In addition to providing the food and shelter birds, pollinators, and other animals have adapted to throughmillenia,native plants also serve as an important conservation tool in anera of worsening climate change; birds being forced from their typicalhabitats or pushed to their limits byextreme weather will be even more dependent on the bounty of food native plants provide over non-native species.
Although the shots belowdid not claim the winning spots this year—you can see all the APA winnershere—they beautifully capture the vitalrole native plants play in the everyday lives of birds. As you scroll through, learn about eachplant, and to discover which bird-friendly plants are native to your area, use ourplant finder to get started. With a little luck,maybe next year you can submit photos from your very own backyard.
Rose-breasted Grosbeak on Eastern Redbud (above)
The Rose-breasted Grosbeak is one of many songbird species that are attracted to the bright pink flowers of the eastern redbud. Native to eastern North America, the redbud is a small tree that blooms profusely in early spring. It alsosupports avariety of wildlife: Butterflies and hummingbirds are attracted to the tree’s nectar; honeybees use the flowers for pollen; Northern Bobwhiteand squirrels eat its seeds; and whitetail deer browse the foliage and twigs in the spring and summer.
Mountain Chickadee on GambelOak
Gambel oak attracts a variety of bird species with its thick foliage and sweet acorns. Mountain Chickadees, Band-tailed Pigeons, Merriam's Turkeys, and Mexican Spotted Owls use the tree as a nesting and foraging site. The small round-crowned tree's acorns alsoprovidefood for squirrels, elk, white-tailed deer, and mule deer. Native to the western U.S., the Gambel oak is common in the Rocky Mountains and the Grand Canyon National Park, growing best in dry, high-elevation hills, slopes, and canyons.
Barred Owl on Southern Live Oak
With its short central trunk and long arching branches, the southern live oak serves as a habitat and source of nourishment for a diverse range of animals, including the Barred Owl. Native to the coastal areas extending from Virginia to Florida to Texas, the tree is an emblem of the southeastern U.S. Although the southern live oak is not evergreen, it appears to have leaves all year long, only losing its foliage when new growth appears in spring. Many speciesincluding Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers,Mallards, Wild Turkeys, squirrels, black bears, and deer use the tree for cover and its acorns for food. The threatened Florida Scrub-Jay relies onthe scrub-form of the tree for nesting, and other birds use the moss that hangs from the tree’s branches to construct nests.
Bushtit on Coast Live Oak
A member of one of the smallest passerine species in North America, this Bushtit hangs vertically from the branch of a coast live oak, which is native to California. This evergreen tree is characterized by its pendulous strings of yellow-green flowers that appear in early spring and attract birds and butterflies. The oak’s acorns also act as a source of nourishment for mammals, reptiles, and invertebrates. One of the only native Californiaoaks that actually thrives in the coastal environment, coast live oak creates a productive space for a number of understory and companion plants, including California buckeye and toyon.
Baltimore Oriole on Tulip Poplar
This Baltimore Oriole has chosen a tulip poplar—a common favorite among birds—forits artfully crafted hanging nest. One of the tallest eastern hardwoods, the tulip poplar is characterized by its long, straight trunk and its yellow tulip-like flowers that are especially attractive to hummingbirds. Native to the eastern U.S., the tree also serves as a larval host for many butterflies, including the eastern tiger swallowtail and the tulip tree silkmoth. In the autumn, the leaves turn golden yellow, inspiring this perennial's other commony known name, yellow poplar.
Scott’s Oriole on Ocotillo
After tiptoeing around the sharp thorns of anocotillo branch, aScott’s Oriolefinally reachesthe sweet snack at the end. Despite its spiny branches, the ocotillo is popular withScott’s Orioles as well ashummingbirds and native carpenter bees, all of which obtainnectar from the clusters of red tubular flowers that bloom from March to July.Native to southwestern U.S. and Mexico, ocotillo is drought deciduous, meaning it loses itsleaves in the dry season,and grows in partial shade and dry, sandy, or rocky soils.
Prairie Warbler on Mountain Laurel
If ingested, the mountain laurel is poisonous to many animals, but certain songbirds, such as thisPrairie Warbler, canconsume thenectar from the flowers with no ill effects. Native to eastern North America, the mountain laurel spends late spring and early summer showing off its gorgeous pink blossoms. Since it is an evergreen, the shrub wears its leathery deep-green foliage all year round.
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher on Eastern Redbud
The subtle plumageof thistinyBlue-gray Gnatcatcher perfectly complements the eastern redbud’s bright pink flowers. Native to eastern North America, the redbud is a small tree that blooms profusely in early spring. Butterflies and hummingbirds are attracted to the flower nectar; honeybees use the bloomsfor pollen; bobwhite quail and squirrels eat the tree's seeds; and whitetail deer browse the foliage and twigs in the spring and summer.
Western Tanager on Blue Palo Verde
If it weren't for this Western Tanager's fiery head, there's a good chance you'd miss its yellow feathers amidst theflowery branches of the blue palo verde. The tree’s large canopy offers ample nesting and foraging opportunitiesfor tanagers and other western species.Named after its blue-green wood, the blue palo verde also attracts pollinators with its flowers and birds and small mammals with its pea-like pods in the summer and fall. The drought-tolerant tree is native to Arizona, southern California, and northwestern Mexico.
Northern Mockingbird on Winterberry
A lover of berries, the Northern Mockingbirdcan often be foundplucking thefruitoff of winterberry branches. Native to eastern North America, the winterberry is named after its clusters of bright red berries that persist throughout the winter season, providing a pop of color to the snowy landscape. The tree tolerates a variety of conditions, growing in full sun to shade, in dry to wet, sandy to clayey soils. Besides birds, the winterberry also attracts Henry's elfinby serving as a larval host for the butterfly.
Cactus Wren on Cane Cholla
A staple of desert landscapes, aCactus Wren has successfully captured its meal amidst the spikes of the prickly cane cholla. Often used as a nest site by the boisterous songbird, these thorny plants act as an escape for cover for many birds and other small animals. Native to the southwestern U.S., the cane cholla blooms vibrant violet flowers in the summer, which are followed by knobbly yellow-green fruit that stay on the plant until the following spring.
Northern Flicker on Common Snowberry
After the summer bloom of its tiny bell-shaped pink flowers, the common snowberry provides clusters of white-green berries for birds like Northern Flickers, as well as songbirds and gamebirds. Small mammals and browsers such as white-tailed deer and bighorn sheepalso use this shrub for food and cover. The common snowberry is native to most of North America, ranging as far north as Alaska and Quebec and south to California and West Virginia.
Black-throated Green Warbler on Eastern Hemlock
Characterized by its soft needles and small pendant-like cones, the eastern hemlock provides a shady habitat for many bird species, including the Black-throated Green Warbler.Native to eastern North America, this tall, perennial evergreen grows best in cool, humidclimates with moist and rocky soils. Its numbers, however, can be seriously threatened by the sap-sucking hemlock woolly adelgid pest that is native to East Asia.
Eastern Bluebird on Staghorn Sumac
One berry at a time, this Eastern Bluebird relishes in the feast provided by the staghorn sumac. On female plants, yellow-green flowers transform into upright clusters of fuzzy red berries that persist throughout winter and are highly appealing to a variety of bird species. These drought-tolerant perennial shrubs are native to eastern North America.
Cedar Waxwing on Eastern Redcedar
These Cedar Waxwings could very well be getting a little tipsy by indulging in the blue berries of the eastern redcedar. When overwintered berries thaw, the sugars within can ferment and cause birds who consume them tobecome intoxicated. Other than Cedar Waxwings, birds such as sparrows, American Robins, Northern Mockingbirds, and various warblers also benefit from this evergreen tree by nesting and roosting in its foliage. Native to eastern and central North America, the eastern redcedar is the most widely distributed eastern conifer, and is resistant to extremes of drought, heat, and cold.
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Freebie alert! Don't know a Cedar Waxwing from a Bohemian Waxwing? Download ourAudubon bird guide appto learn more about bothspecies.
I'm an avid nature enthusiast and an expert in ornithology and the symbiotic relationship between birds and native plants. My knowledge spans various bird species and their habitats, particularly their dependence on indigenous flora for food, shelter, and nesting.
In the article you provided, the focus is on the interconnectedness between birds and native plants, emphasizing the crucial role these plants play in supporting avian life. Let's delve into the concepts mentioned:
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Audubon's Plants for Birds Program: This initiative promotes the use of native plants to support local bird populations by providing essential resources such as food and shelter.
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Importance of Native Flora: Native plants are emphasized due to their historical co-evolution with local wildlife. They provide food, shelter, and nesting sites specifically adapted to the needs of birds and other wildlife.
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2019 Audubon Photography Awards - Plants for Birds Category: This category aimed to raise awareness of the vital relationship between birds and native plants, challenging photographers to capture moments that showcase this connection.
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Eastern Redbud: This native tree attracts species like the Rose-breasted Grosbeak and Blue-gray Gnatcatcher with its bright pink flowers, providing nectar for butterflies and hummingbirds and seeds for various animals.
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Gambel Oak: Found in the western U.S., this tree serves as a nesting and foraging site for birds like the Mountain Chickadee and provides food for squirrels, elk, deer, and turkeys with its sweet acorns.
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Southern Live Oak: This coastal tree, native to the southeastern U.S., supports various species such as the Barred Owl and provides cover and food sources like acorns for numerous animals.
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Coast Live Oak: Native to California, this evergreen tree offers resources for birds like the Bushtit with its flowers and acorns, supporting a range of wildlife in its ecosystem.
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Tulip Poplar: A tall eastern hardwood attracting birds like the Baltimore Oriole, providing nesting sites and nectar for hummingbirds, while also supporting butterfly species.
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Ocotillo: This drought-deciduous plant in the southwestern U.S. attracts Scott’s Orioles, hummingbirds, and bees with its red tubular flowers.
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Mountain Laurel: Despite its toxicity to many animals, certain birds like the Prairie Warbler feed on its nectar. It blooms with pink flowers in late spring and early summer.
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Blue Palo Verde: Supporting the Western Tanager and other western species, this tree's large canopy offers nesting and foraging opportunities, attracting pollinators and birds with its flowers and pods.
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Winterberry: Known for its bright red berries, this plant provides food for birds like the Northern Mockingbird during winter and serves as a larval host for certain butterflies.
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Cane Cholla: A thorny plant native to the southwestern U.S., offering shelter and nesting sites for birds like the Cactus Wren and food sources through its violet flowers and yellow-green fruit.
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Common Snowberry: Providing berries for birds like the Northern Flicker and cover for small mammals and browsers, this shrub is native across most of North America.
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Eastern Hemlock: A tree that supports various bird species, including the Black-throated Green Warbler, but is threatened by the hemlock woolly adelgid pest.
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Staghorn Sumac: Attractive to birds like the Eastern Bluebird with its red berries, this shrub is native to eastern North America.
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Eastern Redcedar: Widely distributed in eastern and central North America, this evergreen tree offers blue berries favored by birds like the Cedar Waxwing, which can lead to intoxication when consumed in excess.
The article effectively illustrates the importance of native plants for birds, emphasizing their interconnectedness and the need to preserve these ecosystems for avian species' well-being.
