Manual Three-Way Matching: Is It Killing Your Finance Department? - AllNetArticles (2024)

Your business is evolving. You have successfully automated HR and payroll and investing heavily in marketing and sales departments. Then, why does it take time for you to process your invoices and make payments?

When your organization starts to scale, the number of invoices your finance department is managing can enhance significantly. Purchase orders, invoice matching, and getting information is a swift win that can yield excellent results. But with a manual matching method, it can turn out to be a headache for your finance team.

Understanding Two-Way and Three-Way Matching

Two-way matching is a way to process vendor invoices by matching things like the amount and quantity of the invoice to the related details on the PO. Whereas, three-way matching takes a step further by linking this detail by receiving a note. It helps to make sure that any payments made are appropriate and complete.

  • Purchase order (PO) is a document that confirms an order officially. It is sent from a purchaser to the vendor and includes organization name, product or service type, number of items purchased, payment details, PO number, and invoice address.
  • Receiving note signifies the proof that the service got correctly delivered. It’s included by the vendor with products that were delivered to the purchaser and include information on the content of the order along with delivery details. This detail gets matched to the PO to make sure that whatever was ordered has been delivered.
  • Invoice is a request for payment of a purchase. It is sent from the vendor to the purchaser and includes the same information to the PO and an invoice number and discounts for early payments, if any.

Top Reasons to Prefer Three-Way Matching

Before paying an invoice, there are many steps the finance department takes to examine the payment. It includes prices and terms from the PO, matching the received goods and the amount charged on the invoice, and ensuring quantities. You will be surprised to know about the far-reaching advantages of three-way matching

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1. Streamlines Audits

Invoices and PO are two comprehensive documents that auditors utilize while examining an organization. Matching these two documents continuously makes auditing easier.

  1. Completes Payment Method

Any matched invoice can get approval for payment, enabling the finance to close out the PO and complete the transaction. Nothing remains unsolved, and there lies no confusion on whether a payment was made or not.

  1. Eliminates Payment Errors

Three-way matching removes the chance of making wrong or duplicate payments as all corresponding documents are interconnected.

  1. Saves Money

Assessing that data is consistent across PO, receipts, and invoices aids organizations in preventing overpaying, paying for duplicate goods, and paying for items that they have not received. Keeping close tabs on finances aids to minimize fraudulent activities.

  1. Ensures Best Supplier Relationships

Professional suppliers respect the significance of invoices, receipts, and purchase orders to the AP process. Frequent errors on the receipt and invoice can be a sign of a massive business problem and may signify that it is high time to start shopping around.

Automating Matching Process: Why is it Important?

Although the three-way matching process is vital for an organization’s financial operations, yet conducting these manually can be cumbersome in the finance department as well as on the company. It is ineffective, time-consuming, and error-prone. Automating this process provides your team with the details and time they require to conduct strategic planning and ensures accuracy.

  1. Easy to Capture Discounts

Several vendors offer early payment discounts that can be useful to an organization’s cash flow. If managing invoices takes a long time, then the enterprise is unable to capture the discounts. Moreover, paying invoices once or early can aid the business’s credit ratings.

  1. Prevents Late Payments
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Paying late does not only add statutory interest and fees but also impacts business reputation. Accounts payable automation minimizes invoice handling times, thus saving the organization from additional expenses and also from bad credit rating. Paying on time can improve vendor relationships and negotiations.

  1. Enhances Visibility

By showing what is owed to vendors, invoices provide the finance department a window into the past. PO, on the other side, gives them complete visibility into the future committed spend. Being able to review document types aids with financial planning.

Integration

The method of gathering details about invoices, PO, getting reports, and three-way matching them is fragmented. In several cases, a purchase order is developed in a single platform, invoices are housed someplace else, and receiving notes in another place.

Hence, if these solutions do not communicate with each other, then automating the process turns useless.

A successful AP automation needs robust integrations that enable data to flow from one platform to the other seamlessly. When it is about three-way matching, it is the harmonious and constant sync which allows finance departments to examine payments in real-time.

Author Bio : Marissa Levin is a marketing consultant, freelance writer at SutiAP, who regularly writes articles on Business, Finance, ERP, and Cloud/SaaS trends

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Manual Three-Way Matching: Is It Killing Your Finance Department? - AllNetArticles (2024)

FAQs

What is a three-way matching in accounting? ›

In accounting, one of the most common types of invoice matching is called the 3-way match. Three-way match is the process of comparing the purchase order, invoice, and goods receipt to make sure they match, prior to approving the invoice.

What is a three way match to authorize the bill for payment? ›

AP 3-way matching is the process of taking an invoice for the purchase of goods or services and matching it with the corresponding purchase order (PO) and receiving information (order receipt). This is done to ensure that the details on each document agree with each other.

Why is the 3-way match considered an internal control? ›

A 3 way match is an internal control process that cross-references a supplier's invoice against its corresponding purchase order (PO) and good received note (GRN). The goal here is to ensure that financial details (order quantity, order amount, total amount, PO number etc.) match across all 3 documents.

What is a 3 way match in the revenue cycle? ›

A 3 way matching is the process of matching purchase orders (PO), goods receipt note, and the supplier's invoice to eliminate fraud, save money, and maintain adequate records for the audit trail. 3-way matching is usually done before issuing payment to the supplier post delivery.

What is the 3-way match problem? ›

One of the primary issues encountered during three-way invoice matching is discrepancies in quantity. This occurs when the quantity of goods or services received does not match the quantity stated on the purchase order or the invoice.

Who is responsible for a 3-way match? ›

Who Are the Stakeholders in Three-Way Matching?
StakeholderRole
PurchaserIssues PO stating item requested, quantity and price.
ReceiverChecks quantity delivered.
Finance teamConfirms invoice is legitimate and reflects delivery, and then issues payment.
VendorFulfills the PO.
May 5, 2022

What three parties must approve a bill before it becomes a law? ›

After both the House and Senate have approved a bill in identical form, the bill is sent to the President. If the President approves of the legislation, it is signed and becomes law. If the President takes no action for ten days while Congress is in session, the bill automatically becomes law.

What is the difference between 2-way and 3-way matching in accounts payable? ›

With that in mind, a 2-way match matches the invoice quantity and price to the purchase order and price. A 3-way match adds a goods receipt to ensure the company receives the same number ordered and invoiced.

How does a 3-way match work in SAP? ›

A three-way match is an accounting control that ensures that the purchase order, inventory receipt, and invoice all match in terms of product, quality, quantity and price. The process starts when purchasing creates an order and sends it to a vendor.

What is the main goal for a three-way match? ›

Three-way matching ensures that every section of all three documents is examined to ensure all the required information is correct. For instance, if it turns out that a unit price on the purchase order is different than on the supplier invoice and shipping order, you can rectify this.

What are three ways managers override internal controls? ›

Examples of Management Override of Internal Controls
  • Capitalizing expenses.
  • Inflating profits.
  • Recording non-existent receivables and/or revenues in the general ledger.
  • Recording revenues before they are earned.
  • Moving amounts from the income statement to the balance sheet.
Aug 16, 2022

What is the difference between internal financial controls and internal controls? ›

The main difference between ICFR (internal control over financial reporting) and IFC (internal financial control) is that IFC is much more comprehensive than ICFR, which specifically relates to financial reporting internal controls.

What are the four types of PO? ›

The four types of purchase orders are:
  • Standard Purchase Orders (PO)
  • Planned Purchase Orders (PPO)
  • Blanket Purchase Orders (BPO) (Also referred to as a “Standing Order”)
  • Contract Purchase Orders (CPO)

How do you handle discrepancies between purchase orders, invoices, and receipts? ›

To resolve purchase order discrepancies and errors, the buyer should contact the supplier as soon as possible to inform them of the discrepancy or error and request a correction or an explanation. The buyer should document the communication and the outcome in writing, such as an email, a letter, or a credit note.

How to match purchase orders with invoices? ›

Obtain the PO and invoice. Check that they match each other in terms of quantity, price, product description, etc. 2. For an extra layer of accuracy, compare the PO and invoice to the receipt or packing slip (if relevant) to verify that all three documents match and that the goods or services were delivered as ordered.

What is the difference between 3-way and 4 way invoice matching? ›

Essentially, 4-way matching adds one more condition to the 3-way matching process. Namely, these conditions should be met : The invoice quantity is less than or equal to the amount ordered in the PO. The invoice price is less than or equal to the price quoted in the PO.

What is 3-way matching in SAP FICO? ›

3-way matching is an automatic process conducted by SAP and is controlled by tolerance keys. Tolerance keys are used for invoice blocking for reasons such as discrepancies existing due to price, quantity or another variance on the invoice. Users can set up invoice blocking using the transaction OMR6.

Which documents are used to create a three-way match? ›

Companies choosing to use a 3-way match process are comparing three documents – the vendor's invoice, the purchase order, and the proof of delivery report – to identify any discrepancies or incorrect information.

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