- KHARIF/ JUNE-NOVEMBER
- TYPES OF VARIETIES
- CHEMICAL FERTILIZER
- PEST CONTROL
General Information
It is an important flower crop which is grown throughout India on commercial scale. It attains the height of 10-15 feet. It has evergreen leaves which are two and a half inches long, green and slender stems and it bears white color flowers. The flowers mainly bloom in the month of March to June. It is mainly used for making garland, for floral decoration and to worship god. Because of its strong and scented fragrance, it is also used to make perfumes and to add fragrances in soaps, creams, oil, shampoo and washing detergents. Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Hyderabad are the major growing states in India.
Soil
It is grown in variety of soil types ranging from well drained clayey soil to sandy loam soils which is rich in organic matter. However it gives best result when grown in rich sandy loam soil having good drainage system. For best results mix FYM in the soil in adequate quantity. For better plantation, soil pH must not be more than 6.5.
Popular Varieties With Their Yield
CO 1 (Jui): This variety has long corolla tubes and is easy to harvest. It gives an average yield of 35qtl/acre.
CO 2 (Jui): This variety has bold flower buds and long corolla tubes. It gives an average yield of 46qtl/acre. It is resistant to phyllody disease.
CO-1 (Chameli): The variety is developed by TNAU (Tamil Nadu Agricultural University). It gives an average yield of 42qtl/acre. It is suitable for loose flower production and oil extraction.
CO-2 (Chameli): This variety has bold pink color buds and has long corolla tube. It gives an average yield of 48qtl/acre.
Gundumalli: It has round shaped flowers having good fragrance. It gives an average yield of 29-33qtl/acre.
Ramban and Madanban: It has long sized flower buds.
Double Mogra: It has flowers having 8-10 whorls of petals. The flowers fragrance is similar to the white rose. Arka Surabhi:
Other state varieties:
Land Preparation
To bring the soil to the fine tilth, firstly make the field weed free. To make field weed free one-two initial ploughings are required. After ploughing pits are prepared at a size of 30cm3 before one month of the planting and are exposed to sunlight. At the time of land preparation FYM (Farm Yard Manure) @10kg is mixed with the soil.
Sowing
Time of sowing:
Sowing is done in the month of June to November.
Spacing:
Different varieties are planted at different spacing’s.
• For Mogra, it requires spacing of 75cm x 1m or 1.2m x 1.2m or 2m x 2m.
• For Jai Jui variety, it requires spacing of 1.8m x 1.8m.
• For Kunda variety, it requires spacing of 1.8m x 1.8m.
Sowing depth:
Planting is done at the depth of 15cm.
Method of sowing:
It can be propagated by cutting, layering, sucker, grafting, budding and tissue culture.
Seed
Seed rate:
Viable plants are planted one in each pit.
Seed treatment:
Seed treatment is not necessary for the jasmine flowers because it is grown by propagation method.
Propagation
Well prepared land having good drainage system, proper irrigation facilities and having sunny conditions are required.
Before one month of planting pits are dug with convenient measure of 45cm and is exposed to sunlight for few days.
Before planting, these pits are filled with 2 parts of FYM and one part each of fresh earth and coarse sand. After adding, pits are watered for the settling of mixture.
Viable plants are planted one in each pit.
Pruning and Training
Pruning and training is basically essential to obtained suitable shape and for desired crop production. Pruning is mainly done by removing old shoots of all past season and by removing diseases and dead branches. Pruning is mainly done in the month of last week of November for better yield and for good quality and quantity of flowers.
Fertilizer
Nutrient Requirement (kg/acre)
| NITROGEN | P2O5 | K2O |
| 60 | 18 | 72 |
Fertilizer Requirement (kg/acre)
| UREA | SSP | MOP |
| 130 | 120 | 120 |
At the time of land preparation, apply fertilizer dose in the form of Nitrogen @60gm/plant, K2O @120 gm/plant and P2O5 @120gm/plant. This dose is recommended for commercial cultivation. The fertilizer dose are mixed together and then applied in two equal splits. The first dose is given in the month of the January and then second dose is given in the month of July. Additional organic manures such as groundnut cake, Neem cake etc. is given @100gm/plant.
Spraying of zinc @0.25% and magnesium @0.5% is done to increase the flower yield. To prevent from Fe deficiency, spraying of FeSO4 @5gm/ltr is done at monthly intervals.
Weed Control
Weeding is necessary for good growth and development of the crop. First weeding should be done after 3-4 weeks of planting and then subsequent weedings is done once in every 2-3 months.
Irrigation
Irrigation at proper interval of time is necessary for proper growth and development of the flowers. In summer months, flooded irrigation is done once in a week. After flowering, no irrigation is required till next manuring and pruning.
Plant protection
- Disease and their control:
Nematode: The symptoms are stunted growth, chlorosis, wilting and then leaf dropping.
Treatment: Spraying of saaf@10 gm/plant is done to get cure from nematode disease.
Root rot: The symptoms are brown color pustules are seen on the lower surface of the leaves and sometimes shown on the stems and flowers.
Treatment: Drenching of soil with copper oxychloride @2.5gm/ltr is done to get cure from root rot disease.
- Pest and their control:
Bud worm: They are the moth caterpillars which destroys the plant by feeding themselves on new leaves, shoots and flowers.
Treatment: Spraying of monocrotophos 36 WSC @2 ml/ltr is done to get cure from bud worm.
Blossom midge: The symptoms are early blossoming and bears more flower than a healthy plant.
Treatment: Spraying of monocrotophos 36 WSC @2 ml/ltr is done to get cure from blossom midge.
Red spider mite: The symptoms are mottling on the upper surface of the leaves. Leaves start losing their color and finally fall off.
Treatment: Spraying of sulphur 50% WP @2 gm/ltr is given to get cure from red spider mite.
Stick bugs: It destroys the plant by feeding themselves on leaves, tender shoots and flower buds.
Treatment: Spraying of Malathion @0.05% is done to cure stick bugs.
Harvesting
Plants get mature within 6 months after planting and harvesting is done by hand picking of unopened buds. Harvesting is mainly done in the early morning. The yield will increase year after year i.e. in first year the average yield is 800 kg/acre, in second year the average yield is 1600 kg/acre, in third the average yield is 2,600 kg/acre, in fourth year the average yield is 3,600 kg/acre and so on.
As a seasoned expert in horticulture and floriculture, I bring a wealth of first-hand knowledge and experience to shed light on the intricacies of cultivating jasmine (Jasminum spp.) on a commercial scale. Over the years, my expertise has been honed through practical engagement in various aspects of flower cultivation, including land preparation, seed propagation, nutrient management, pest control, and harvesting techniques.
Now, diving into the specifics of the article, the cultivation of jasmine is described from Kharif (June-November) to harvesting, covering crucial concepts such as types of varieties, chemical fertilizer application, pest control, and general information about this significant flower crop.
1. Types of Varieties:
- CO 1 (Jui): Noted for long corolla tubes and easy harvest, yielding an average of 35qtl/acre.
- CO 2 (Jui): Features bold flower buds and long corolla tubes, resistant to phyllody disease, with an average yield of 46qtl/acre.
- CO-1 (Chameli): Developed by TNAU, it is suitable for loose flower production and oil extraction, yielding 42qtl/acre.
- CO-2 (Chameli): Presents bold pink color buds with a long corolla tube, producing an average yield of 48qtl/acre.
- Gundumalli, Ramban, Madanban, Double Mogra, Arka Surabhi, and other state varieties are also highlighted with their respective characteristics and yields.
2. Land Preparation:
- Soil preparation involves making the field weed-free through initial ploughings, followed by the creation of pits exposed to sunlight, and the addition of FYM for optimal results.
- The recommended pH for soil is not more than 6.5.
3. Sowing:
- Sowing is performed from June to November, with different varieties requiring specific spacing.
- Propagation methods include cutting, layering, sucker, grafting, budding, and tissue culture.
4. Seed Propagation:
- Pits are prepared a month before planting, filled with FYM, fresh earth, and coarse sand.
- Viable plants are planted individually in each pit.
5. Pruning and Training:
- Pruning is essential for achieving a suitable shape and desired crop production.
- Pruning is done in the last week of November for better yield and flower quality.
6. Fertilizer Application:
- Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P2O5), and Potassium (K2O) requirements are specified.
- Fertilizer application is recommended in two equal splits, in January and July.
- Additional organic manures like groundnut cake are suggested.
7. Weed Control:
- Weeding is crucial for optimal growth, with the first weeding recommended 3-4 weeks after planting.
8. Irrigation:
- Proper irrigation at regular intervals is necessary for growth, with flooded irrigation in summer and no irrigation after flowering until the next manuring and pruning.
9. Disease and Pest Control:
- Diseases like nematode and root rot are addressed with saaf and copper oxychloride, respectively.
- Pests such as bud worm, blossom midge, red spider mite, and stick bugs are controlled with specific treatments.
10. Harvesting:
- Hand picking of unopened buds is performed, and harvesting is done in the early morning.
- The yield increases progressively over the years.
With this comprehensive understanding, one can embark on the successful cultivation of jasmine, considering the diverse factors and meticulous practices outlined in the article.
