Interest rates and Bank Rate (2024)

We set Bank Rate to influence other interest rates. We use our influence to keep inflation low and stable.

  • Related links

    • Interest calculators

In this section

  • Inflation and the 2% target
  • Quantitative easing

What are interest rates?

Interest is what you pay for borrowing money, and what banks pay you for saving money with them.

Interest rates are shown as a percentage of the amount you borrow or save over a year. So if you put £100 into a savings account with a 1% interest rate, you’d have £101 a year later.

Video on why interest rates matter.

  • Hi, my name is Geoff and I work at the Bank of England. Today I’m going to tell you about interest rates. Interest rates were cut sharply in 2009 and remain extremely low by historical standards. With rates so low for so long do they really matter anymore? Yes they do.

    Whether you’re running a business or a family on a budget, interest rates continue to affect our daily lives and have a big impact on what’s left over to spend on essentials each month. For most, interest payments on a mortgage are one of the biggest outgoings. Covering the cost of spending on credit cards and pay day loans can also be a big drain. Many of those with savings rely on interest payments from the bank to provide essential income to live on. So whether you’re a saver or a borrower, the level of interest rates for you and your family, really does matter.

What is Bank Rate?

Bank Rate is the single most important interest rate in the UK. In the news, it's sometimes called the ‘Bank of England base rate’ or even just ‘the interest rate’.

Our Monetary Policy Committee (MPC)sets Bank Rate. It's part of the Monetary Policy action we take to meet the targetthat the Government sets us to keep inflation low and stable.

Bank Rate determines the interest rate we pay to commercial banks that hold money with us. It influences the rates those banks charge people to borrow money or pay on their savings.

How Bank Rate affects your interest rates

If Bank Rate changes, then normally banks change their interest rates on saving and borrowing. But Bank Rate isn’t the only thing that affects interest rates on saving and borrowing.

Interest rates can change for other reasons and may not change by the same amount as the change in Bank Rate. To cover their costs, banks need to pay less on saving than they make on lending. But they can’t pay less than 0% on savings or people might not deposit any money with them.

This means that when Bank Rate comes close to 0%, how far banks pass it on to lower saving and borrowing rates reduces. And as Bank Rate starts to rise away from close to 0%, that’s likely to lead to less of a rise in saving and borrowing rates.

Current Bank Rate5.25%

Next due: 21 March 2024

Official Bank Rate

Official Bank Rate history data from 1694

How changes in Bank Rate affect the economy

A change in Bank Rate affects how much people spend. And how much people spend overall influences how much things cost. So if we change Bank Rate we can influence prices and inflation. We aim to keep inflation at 2% –this is the target set by the Government.

Why does Bank Rate influence spending and inflation?

How Bank Rate affects you partly depends on if you are borrowing or saving money.

If rates fall and you have a loan or mortgage, your interest payments may get cheaper. And, if you have savings, you may be paid less interest. If interest rates fall, it's cheaper for households and businesses to increase the amount they borrow but it's less rewarding to save.

Lower rates also tend to increase the value of wealth, such as people’s pensions or housing, compared to what they would have been.

Overall, we know that if we lower interest rates, this tends to increase spending and if we raise rates this tends to reduce spending. So, to meet our inflation target, we need to judge how much people intend to save and spend given the current interest rates. For example, if people start spending too little, that will reduce business and cause people to lose their jobs. In that case we may cut interest rates to help support spending.

Find out more in our explainer on how interest rates help to lower inflation.

Glossary

Monetary Policy Committee announcements

News // Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) 01 February 2024 Bank rate maintained at 5.25% - February... Bank rate maintained at 5.25% - February 2024
News // News release 14 December 2023 Monetary Policy Committee dates for 2025 Monetary Policy Committee dates for 2025
News // Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) 14 December 2023 Bank rate maintained at 5.25% - December... Bank rate maintained at 5.25% - December 2023
News // Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) 02 November 2023 Bank rate maintained at 5.25% - November... Bank rate maintained at 5.25% - November 2023

View more Monetary Policy Committee announcements

Back to top

This page was last updated 01 February 2024

Interest rates and Bank Rate (2024)

FAQs

Interest rates and Bank Rate? ›

If Bank Rate changes, then normally banks change their interest rates on saving and borrowing. But Bank Rate isn't the only thing that affects interest rates on saving and borrowing. Interest rates can change for other reasons and may not change by the same amount as the change in Bank Rate.

How do interest rates affect bank rates? ›

A rise in interest rates automatically boosts a bank's earnings. It increases the amount of money that the bank earns by lending out its cash on hand at short-term interest rates. At the same time, the bank's costs of doing business are unaffected.

Which bank gives 7% interest on savings accounts? ›

Which Bank Gives 7% Interest Rate? Currently, no banks are offering 7% interest on savings accounts, but some do offer a 7% APY on other products. For example, OnPath Federal Credit Union currently offers a 7% APY on average daily checking account balances up to and under $10,000.

Do interest rates differ from bank to bank? ›

A large number of depository institutions in a particular area will drive competition for the same customers, and that dynamic often pushes rates higher. On the other hand, customers tend to receive lower-than-average interest rates when they have few alternatives in their area.

Will banks do better with higher interest rates? ›

Lenders have benefited from a widening of the spread between the interest they pay to depositors, and the income they reap on lending. That said, for some banks, the rise in rates has led to slower loan growth, asset-quality pressure, and a weakening of funding and liquidity.

Why do banks lose when interest rates rise? ›

Besides loans, banks also invest in bonds and other debt securities, which lose value when interest rates rise. Banks may be forced to sell these at a loss if faced with sudden deposit withdrawals or other funding pressures. The failure of Silicon Valley Bank was a dramatic example of this bond-loss channel.

Do banks lose money when interest rates rise? ›

Banks, brokerages, mortgage companies, and insurance companies' earnings often increase—as interest rates move higher—because they can charge more for lending.

Where can I get 5% interest on my money? ›

Savings accounts with 5% APY or higher
BankAPYMin. deposit to open
DollarSavingsDirect5.00%$0
CommunityWide Federal Credit Union5.00%$1
Laurel Road5.00%$0
Varo Bank3.00% to 5.00%$0
12 more rows
May 7, 2024

Can you get 6% on a CD? ›

You can find 6% CD rates at a few financial institutions, but chances are those rates are only available on CDs with maturities of 12 months or less. Financial institutions offer high rates to compete for business, but they don't want to pay customers ultra-high rates over many years.

Where can I get 8% interest on my savings? ›

Competition among financial firms for a slice of the nation's savings is intensifying, with Nationwide launching an account paying a “market-leading” 8% interest. A string of Bank of England interest rate rises since late 2021 have pushed up savings rates across the board.

Should I move all my money to a high-yield savings account? ›

Although each financial situation is unique, it doesn't typically make sense for you to keep all of your money in a high-yield savings account.

What are two disadvantages of using a credit union instead of a bank? ›

May offer fewer products and services.

Smaller credit unions may not offer as many loan and deposit products as big credit unions and banks. They also might not offer the latest technology, such as online banking, mobile banking and peer-to-peer payment platforms, such as Zelle.

What is better, a credit union or a bank? ›

The Bottom Line. Credit unions can be ideal for a low-interest loan, lower mortgage closing costs, or reduced fees, but you'll need to qualify for membership. Larger banks may offer you more choices regarding products, apps, and international or commercial products and services, and anyone can join.

Why are banks losing deposits? ›

Indeed, both banks and money market funds experienced outflows for much of 2022 as interest rates began to increase. Interest-bearing deposit growth tends to slow as rates fall because the opportunity cost of holding lower-yielding deposits declines.

What is a good interest rate? ›

How do you know if the interest rate you're offered is good for you? A good personal loan interest rate depends on your credit score: 740 and above: Below 8% (look for loans for excellent credit) 670 to 739: Around 14% (look for loans for good credit)

What makes bank interest rates go up? ›

When inflation is high, the government raises rates to deter borrowers from taking loans in an effort to reduce spending. The current price of goods might skyrocket by the time the borrower pays it back. This will reduce the lender's purchasing power. When the demand for credit is high, so are interest rates.

Why is low interest rates bad for banks? ›

In the long run, persistent low rates decrease banks' “seigniorage” revenue from deposit spreads, hence bank equity and loan supply contract, and loan spreads increase.

How does inflation affect banks? ›

Among the many inflation effects is impact it has on interest rates. What happens to interest rates during inflation? Interest rates are increased by central banks, such as the Federal Reserve, to try to slow the rate of inflation. This translates into a higher profit for the bank as a lender.

Top Articles
Latest Posts
Article information

Author: Jamar Nader

Last Updated:

Views: 5403

Rating: 4.4 / 5 (55 voted)

Reviews: 94% of readers found this page helpful

Author information

Name: Jamar Nader

Birthday: 1995-02-28

Address: Apt. 536 6162 Reichel Greens, Port Zackaryside, CT 22682-9804

Phone: +9958384818317

Job: IT Representative

Hobby: Scrapbooking, Hiking, Hunting, Kite flying, Blacksmithing, Video gaming, Foraging

Introduction: My name is Jamar Nader, I am a fine, shiny, colorful, bright, nice, perfect, curious person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.