Ï (2024)

I¹

Usage Note: Traditional grammar requires the nominative form of the pronoun following the verb be: It is I (not me), That must be they (not them), and so forth. Nearly everyone finds this rule difficult to follow. Even if everyone could follow it, in informal contexts the nominative pronoun often sounds pompous and even ridiculous, especially when the verb is contracted. Would anyone ever say It's we? But constructions like It is me have been condemned in the classroom and in writing handbooks for so long that there seems little likelihood that they will ever be entirely acceptable in formal writing. · The traditional rule creates additional problems when the pronoun following be also functions as the object of a verb or preposition in a relative clause, as in It is not (them/they) that we have in mind, where the plural pronoun serves as both the predicate of is and the object of have. Adherence to this rule is waning. In our 1988 survey, 67 percent of the Usage Panel preferred the nominative they in the previous example. This percentage fell to 45 just five years later. In our 2009 survey, just 37 percent found they to be acceptable in this sentence. Meanwhile, the percent that accepted objective them rose steadily from 33 in 1988 to 39 1993 to 55 in 2009. Writers who dislike the construction can easily avoid it by saying They are not the ones we have in mind, We have someone else in mind, and so on. · When pronouns joined by a conjunction occur as the object of a preposition such as between, according to, or like, many people use the nominative form where the traditional grammatical rule would require the objective; they say between you and I rather than between you and me, and so forth. Some language commentators see this construction as a hypercorrection, in which speakers who have been taught to say It is I instead of It is me assume that correctness also requires between you and I in place of between you and me. This explanation of the tendency cannot be the whole story, since the phrase between you and I occurs in Shakespeare, roughly three centuries before the prescriptive rule condemning this practice was written. But the between you and I construction is nonetheless widely regarded as a mark of ignorance and is best avoided in formal contexts. · There is also a widespread tendency to use the objective form when a pronoun is used as a subject together with a noun in apposition, as in Us engineers were left without technical support. In formal speech or writing the nominative we would be preferable here. But when the pronoun itself appears in apposition to a subject noun phrase, the use of the nominative form may sound pedantic in a sentence such as The remaining members of the admissions committee, namely we, will have to meet next week. Writers who are uncomfortable about using the objective us here should rewrite the sentence to avoid the difficulty. See Usage Notes at be, but, we.

I²

I³

i¹

i²

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

i

I

i

I

[C12: reduced form of Old English ic; compare Old Saxon ik, Old High German ih, Sanskrit ahám]

I

[(for sense 4) from Latin (aff)i(rmo) I affirm]

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

I, i

n., pl. I's Is, i's is.

1. the ninth letter of the English alphabet, a vowel.

2. any spoken sound represented by this letter.

3. something shaped like an I.

4. a written or printed representation of the letter I or
i.

I

pron. nom. I, poss. my mine, obj. me; pron.

1. the nominative singular pronoun used by a speaker or writer in referring to himself or herself.

2. (used to denote the narrator of a literary work written in the first person singular.)

3. the ego; the self.

[before 900; Middle English ik, ich, i; Old English ic, ih; c. Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Latin ego, Greek egṓ, Skt ahám]

usage: See me.

I

interstate (used with a number to designate an interstate highway): I-95.

I

1. the ninth in order or in a series.

2. (sometimes l.c.) the Roman numeral for 1. Compare Roman numerals.

3. Chem. iodine.

4. Biochem. isoleucine.

5. Elect. current.

I

Physics Symbol. isotopic spin.

i

1. Math Symbol. the imaginary number (-1)^(1/2).

2. a unit vector on the x-axis of a coordinate system.

i-

var. of y-.

-i-

the typical ending of the first element of compounds of Latin words, as -o- is of Greek words, but often used in English with a first element of any origin, if the second element is of Latin origin: cuneiform; Frenchify.

I.

1. Independent.

2. International.

3. Island.

4. Isle.

i.

1. imperator.

2. incisor.

3. interest.

4. intransitive.

5. island.

6. isle.

Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.

i

I

The American Heritage® Student Science Dictionary, Second Edition. Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

I

A speaker or writer uses I to refer to himself or herself. I is the subject of a verb. It is always written as a capital letter.

I will be leaving soon.

I like your dress.

You can also use I as part of the subject of a verb, along with another person or other people. You mention the other person first. Say 'My friend and I', not 'I and my friend'.

My mother and I stood beside the road and waited.

My brothers and I go to the same school.

Be Careful!
Don't use 'I' after is. Say 'It's me', not 'It's I'.

Collins COBUILD English Usage © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 2004, 2011, 2012