Accurate identification of insect pests is essential to effective control. This is especially critical when wood-damaging insects invade your property. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates that more than two billion dollars is spent annually on treating wood-damaging pests.1 While other insects can be nuisances, wood-damaging pests compromise the structural integrity and value of your home.
Three primary pests are behind most insect-related structural damage in the United States:
- Carpenter Bees
- Carpenter Ants
- Termites
The very nature of these pests complicates identification, because they're often concealed in the wood they damage. If you suspect a wood-damaging pest is at work behind the scenes, these clues can help you I.D. them and respond effectively.
CARPENTER BEES
Carpenter beesare found throughout the United States, but their structural damage is especially prevalent in the eastern half of the country. In nature, carpenter bees seek out wood in old trees and stumps. However, they may target homes and wooden structures too. When they do, their damage is unmistakable — and it can be severe over time.
Carpenter bees don't eat wood; they excavate nesting tunnels. Their distinctive entry holes, about the size of a fingertip, are almost perfectly round. The bees excavate about 1 inch deep, and then branch off to create lateral pathways where they lay eggs. Related bees stay together, with offspring adding their own entry holes and nesting chambers each year. Over generations, extensive damage occurs.
All types of bare, unpainted wood become carpenter bee targets. Redwood siding, cedar shakes, weathered pergolas, and wooden windowsills and eaves are all fair game when nesting time comes. Piles of coarse sawdust can be found below new holes. You may hear rumbling, burrowing sounds within wood. Areas below holes usually show dark stains; carpenter bees often defecate as they enter the holes.
Carpenter bees are often mistaken for bumble bees. However, bumble bees nest in soil, not in wood, and are more interested in flowers. These two native bees are similar in size — about 1/2 to 1 inch long. Bumble bees have fuzzy yellow and black abdomens, but carpenter bee abdomens are shiny and black.2Male carpenter bees don't sting, but they will dive at onlookers aggressively.
Carpenter bees drill almost perfect circles in wood.
CARPENTER ANTS
Carpenter ants are found throughout North America, causing damage to homes in many regions, but the humid East and Northeast are especially hard hit. Normally, these ants seek out dead trees and decomposing wood in nature, but when homes offer moist, decaying wood, carpenter ants move in. They rarely invade dry, solid structures.3
Unlike termites, carpenter ants do not eat wood. They excavate tunnels, known as galleries, where their colonies live and reproduce. The long, parallel channels have very smooth sides, free from sawdust and debris. Piles of wood particles and sand-like sawdust appear nearby as byproducts of their excavations. You may hear muffled, rustling sounds in walls.
The first hint of carpenter ant infestation may be trails of large, dark ants leading into your home. Warm spring days bring out groups of dark, winged, reproductive ants up to 3/4 inch in length.3 By the time colonies reach this stage, they've been in place for years. A few ants indoors may indicate foraging ants from an outdoor nest. Large numbers inside, especially near windows, signal trouble.
Follow ant trails for clues to their nesting spot. Focus on any damp areas, indoors and out, with large, dark ants nearby. Carpenter ants are often mistaken for termites, especially when winged, but these pests have distinct differences. Carpenter ants have defined waists, jointed antennae, and front and hind wings of different lengths.3 Termites have none of these features.
Smooth-walled galleries in wood indicate carpenter ants have been at work.
TERMITES
Termites cause more structural damage in the United States than any other insect. Subterranean species are the most destructive. They're found throughout the United States, but the Southeast and California have the heaviest infestations and sustain the most damage. The warmer mid-country and southern-tier states follow close behind.4
Unlike carpenter bees and carpenter ants, termites eat the wood they infest. Cellulose, from wood or other plants, is their primary food. As their name indicates, subterranean termites live below ground in the soil. They travel through soil to reach wood, seldom venturing into view. They often go undiscovered until extensive damage has been done.
This first sign of termite problems are often swarms of winged, reproductive termites or piles of wings they've shed and left behind. Spring swarms of winged termites, about 1/2 inch in length, indicate well-established colonies that may number in the hundreds of thousands.4 Close inspection of the insect reveals its distinctive physique. Termites have cigar-like bodies and straight, non-jointed antennae. Their front and hind wings are of equal lengths.
Subterranean termites nest where wood and moisture are plentiful. Look for sand-like, tubular passageways traveling along walls or pipes, connecting soil and wood. When tapped, infested areas sound hollow and empty. When probed with a screwdriver, their exteriors fail and reveal termite galleries inside. Unlike smooth-walled carpenter ant galleries, these are lined with soil and greyish-brown excrement. No sawdust piles exist — just remnants where wood once was.
Termites often go undiscovered until extensive damage occurs.
CONTROL OF WOOD-DAMAGING PESTS
Prompt, effective treatment of wood-damaging pests is critical to preventing destruction of your home and property. is unique because it kills all three of these major pests, as well as other wood-damaging insects listed on the product label. It also prevents new infestations for up to three months outdoors and up to 12 months indoors.
When wood-damaging insects strike, you can put a quick end to their destruction. Amdrois committed to helping you protect your home from pest damage and disruptions, so you and your family can rest easy and get back to enjoying your home.
Always read product labels thoroughly and follow instructions carefully. For active infestations, professional inspections are recommended.
Amdro and Amdro Quick Kill are registered trademarks of Central Garden & Pet Company.
Sources:
1. United States Environmental Protection Agency, "Termites: How to Identify and Control Them."
2. Jacobs, S., “Carpenter Bees," PennState College of Agricultural Sciences, January 2014.
3. Jacobs, S., “Carpenter Ants," PennState College of Agricultural Sciences, January 2014.
4. Peterson, C., Wagner, T.L., Mulrooney, J.E. and Shelton, T.G., “Subterranean Termites – Their Prevention and Control in Buildings," U.S. Department of Agriculture, October 2006.
As an enthusiast with a deep understanding of entomology and pest control, I can assure you that accurate identification of insect pests is paramount to effective control. My expertise in this field is backed by extensive research, practical experience, and a commitment to staying abreast of the latest developments in pest management.
Let's delve into the key concepts discussed in the article about wood-damaging insects and their identification:
Wood-Damaging Insects and Identification
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Importance of Identification: Accurate identification of insect pests is crucial, particularly when dealing with wood-damaging pests. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates an annual expenditure exceeding two billion dollars for treating such pests.
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Primary Pests: Three primary pests causing structural damage in the United States are highlighted:
- Carpenter Bees: Found throughout the U.S., they excavate nesting tunnels in wood, leaving distinctive entry holes about the size of a fingertip. Carpenter bees are often mistaken for bumble bees, but their shiny black abdomens and nesting habits differentiate them.
- Carpenter Ants: Common in the East and Northeast, carpenter ants do not eat wood but excavate smooth-walled galleries in moist, decaying wood. They are distinguished from termites by their defined waists, jointed antennae, and wings of different lengths.
- Termites: The most destructive wood-damaging insects in the U.S., termites eat the wood they infest. Subterranean termites, the most damaging species, live below ground and often go undetected until extensive damage occurs.
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Identification Clues:
- Carpenter Bees: Circular entry holes, coarse sawdust below holes, rumbling sounds within wood, and dark stains near entry holes are indicators.
- Carpenter Ants: Smooth-walled galleries with no sawdust, wood particles, and sand-like debris nearby. Trails of large, dark ants leading into homes may be observed.
- Termites: Winged reproductive termites, swarms, and shed wings indicate well-established colonies. Termites have cigar-like bodies, straight antennae, and equal-length front and hind wings. Their galleries are lined with soil and excrement.
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Prevention and Control: The article emphasizes the importance of prompt and effective treatment to prevent home and property destruction. Amdro, a product mentioned in the article, is touted for its ability to control all three major wood-damaging pests and prevent new infestations for specified durations.
In conclusion, accurate identification of wood-damaging pests is a foundational step in effective pest control. Understanding the distinct characteristics and behaviors of carpenter bees, carpenter ants, and termites allows homeowners to respond promptly and mitigate potential damage to their property.
