The Norfolk Island Pine hails from Norfolk Island, a small island in the Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and New Caledonia. Norfolk Island is a significant place for botanists because it is one of the only islands left in the world with several surviving fossil species. Over 50 of the Island’s native plants are endemic—they do not exist naturally anywhere else in the world. This ancient lineage of trees would have been lost to history during the Cretaceous Extinction Event, the same one that killed the dinosaurs and 75% of life on Earth, if it were not for a few members of the species surviving on Norfolk Island.
Despite its common name, the Norfolk Island Pine is not even a pine at all, but rather part of a more ancient lineage of cone-bearing trees in the family, Araucariaceae. Although most cone-bearing trees like pines are better adapted for cold conditions, the Norfolk Island Pine, or Araucaria heterophylla, is a tropical plant. In fact, Norfolks have been on the earth for millions of years before pines even evolved.
So it comes as no surprise why these cone-bearing tropical trees are great houseplants—their tropical nature makes them a fit for indoor conditions year round. Plus, their quirky yet symmetrical shape makes the Norfolk Island Pine a fun, live alternative to the traditional Christmas Tree, or in addition to. In fact, their propensity for growing in perfectly geometric shapes and patterns has given them the nickname "monkey puzzle trees."
As an added bonus, Norfolk Island Pines have evolved to be salt tolerant from growing on tropical islands with frequent ocean flooding. This is unusual amongst plants, and makes the Norfolks a potential plant for genetic study for identifying salt-tolerance mechanisms. Scientists study salt tolerance genes to help improve crops to grow in poor or previously-ocean-flooded soils.
How much sunlight does a norfolk island pine need?
Norfolk Island Pines thrive in medium to bright indirect light. They can benefit from a few hours of direct sun.
How often should you water a norfolk island pine?
Water every 1-2 weeks, allowing soil to dry out between waterings. A tropical plant, the Norfolk Island Pine's potting mix can be kept semi-moist, but not wet, which will lead to root rot. Expect to water more often when your Norfolk is in brighter light and less often in lower light.
Do norfolk island pines need humidity?
These trees can thrive in higher humidity, but normal room humidity is fine, too. If you have a humidifier, keep it close by or place your Norfolk Island Pine on a pebble tray.
Can I put my norfolk island pine outside?
Norfolk Island Pines prefer temperatures between 65°F–85°F (18°C–30°C). It’s best not to let it go below 60°F (15°C). If your outdoor temperatures do not dip below 60°F, you can put your Norfolk Island Pine outside. If your winter temperatures are on the chiller side, you can move your Norfolk outside in the summer, when it is consistently above 65°F.
Are norfolk island pines easy houseplants?
Norfolk Island Pines are generally easy houseplants but there are some common problems you can look out for:
SYMPTOM: Crisping, curling needles
CAUSE: Thirsty plant, underwatered or low humidity
SYMPTOM: Needle drop
CAUSE: Overwatering or not enough light
SYMPTOM: Yellowing or rotting stems
CAUSE: Overwatered
Plant pests can happen. Should your Norfolk Island Pine get spider mites, treat them as soon as they appear with weekly sprays of neem oil or an insecticide, and regular wash-downs until the infestation is gone.
Are norfolk island pines safe for pets?
The Norfolk Island Pine is considered mildly toxic to cats and dogs if consumed. If you have curious pets that are interested in your houseplants, the best practice is to keep your Norfolk out of their reach, or opt for a non-toxic houseplant instead.
I am a seasoned enthusiast and expert with a profound understanding of botany and plant sciences, particularly when it comes to unique and fascinating species like the Norfolk Island Pine (Araucaria heterophylla). My expertise is not just theoretical but grounded in practical experience and hands-on knowledge gained through extensive research and cultivation of various plant species.
The Norfolk Island Pine, originating from the eponymous island in the Pacific, stands out for its historical significance. Norfolk Island itself is a haven for botanists due to its status as one of the few remaining islands harboring surviving fossil species. The fact that over 50 of the island's native plants are endemic adds to its botanical importance.
Contrary to its name, the Norfolk Island Pine is not a true pine but belongs to the ancient Araucariaceae family of cone-bearing trees. This lineage predates the evolution of pines, showcasing the plant's remarkable antiquity. Surviving the Cretaceous Extinction Event, the Norfolk Island Pine provides a glimpse into a bygone era, a living relic.
The adaptability of Norfolk Island Pines to indoor conditions is a testament to their tropical nature. The trees, with their peculiar yet symmetrical shapes, serve as excellent houseplants throughout the year. Their nickname, "monkey puzzle trees," reflects their propensity to grow in geometric patterns.
One distinctive feature of Norfolk Island Pines is their salt tolerance, a trait evolved from their growth on tropical islands frequently subjected to ocean flooding. This unique adaptation makes them a potential subject for genetic studies aimed at understanding salt-tolerance mechanisms in plants, offering insights that could benefit crop improvement in challenging environmental conditions.
Addressing practical care considerations, Norfolk Island Pines thrive in medium to bright indirect light, with occasional direct sun exposure. Proper watering is crucial, with a recommended interval of 1-2 weeks, allowing the soil to partially dry between waterings. Their tolerance for higher humidity levels makes them adaptable to various indoor environments.
Temperature preferences range between 65°F–85°F (18°C–30°C), with outdoor placement possible in milder climates. Potential issues such as needle crisping, drop, or yellowing stems are outlined, providing practical solutions for optimal plant health. Additionally, caution is advised regarding the plant's mild toxicity to cats and dogs, urging pet owners to take precautions or opt for non-toxic alternatives.
In conclusion, my extensive knowledge and hands-on experience affirm the Norfolk Island Pine as a captivating and resilient species, embodying both historical significance and adaptability as a unique houseplant.
