How to Add Phosphorus to Soil: 5 Organic Ways (2024)

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1Natural Sources of Phosphorus

2When to Add Phosphorus to Soil

3Why is phosphorus important?

4How do I know if my plants need more phosphorus?

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Co-authored byBen Barkanand Hannah Madden

Last Updated: September 29, 2023Fact Checked

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Are your plants looking a little lackluster, or not growing as quickly as they should be? If so, your soil could be lacking phosphorus. This important nutrient is essential to any crop you’ll grow, and fortunately, there are ways you can add it to your soil using natural and organic products. In this article, we’ll tell you exactly how to add phosphorus to your soil, as well as when to add it and how to know if your soil needs it.

Things You Should Know

  • Use compost, animal manure, bone meal, rock phosphate, or green manure for natural sources of phosphorus.
  • Add it to your soil 1-2 weeks before you plant for best results. You can also add it during the growing season to give your plants a little extra oomph.
  • Check for stunted plant growth or a dark green coloring on your plants to determine if you need to add phosphorus. You can also use a soil test kit.

Section 1 of 4:

Natural Sources of Phosphorus

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  1. 1

    Compost Compost is a natural fertilizer that releases phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium over time. You can make your own compost out of kitchen scraps at home, or you can buy pre-made compost for your garden.[1]

    • To add compost to your soil, sprinkle 1 to 2in (2.5 to 5.1cm) of compost over bare soil and use a rake or a shovel to mix it with the top 3 to 5in (7.6 to 12.7cm) of dirt.[2]
  2. 2

    Animal manure Animal manure provides phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium to your soil.[3] Simply buy a bag of animal manure and sprinkle 1 to 2in (2.5 to 5.1cm) over your garden. Mix it with the top 6 to 8in (15 to 20cm) of soil to provide nutrients over time.

    • It’s best to buy pre-made manure that’s been tested. That way, you know exactly how much of each nutrient is in the manure before you use it.

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  3. 3

    Bone meal Bone meal is made from steamed animal bones, and it adds both phosphorus and calcium to your soil.[4] To add bone meal to your soil, measure out about 3 cups (384 g) per 100 square feet of soil. Sprinkle the bone meal over the dirt, then mix it into the top 1 to 2in (2.5 to 5.1cm) of soil.

  4. 4

    Rock phosphate Rock phosphate is a sedimentary rock that contains phosphate and almost nothing else. If you’re sure that your soil only needs phosphate (and not nitrogen, potassium, or calcium), buy a bag of ground rock phosphate and sprinkle a 1 to 2in (2.5 to 5.1cm) thick layer over your soil. Use a rake or a shovel to mix it with the top layer of dirt.[5]

  5. 5

    Green manure “Green manure” describes the process of planting crops that are high in phosphorus, then plowing them back into the soil. If you’d like to add phosphorus over a long period of time, plant crops like oat, faba bean, clover, buckwheat, or mustard, and harvest them like you normally would. At the end of the season, till the plant matter back into the soil.[6]

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Section 2 of 4:

When to Add Phosphorus to Soil

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  1. 1

    Add phosphorus to your soil 1 to 2 weeks before planting for best results. Phosphorus usually takes a couple of weeks to be released into the soil. You can use phosphorus at any point in the season, but give your soil a few weeks to absorb it before you start planting.[7]

  2. 2

    Mix phosphorus into the soil during the growing season to give your plants a boost. If you’ve already planted your crops and you’ve noticed them looking a little blah, you can absolutely add phosphorus to the soil around your plants. Simply sprinkle your phosphorous product, like compost, around the plants, and carefully mix it with the top layer of dirt without disturbing the roots of your crops.[8]

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Section 3 of 4:

Why is phosphorus important?

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  1. Phosphorus gives plants the energy to create new tissue. The main thing that plants use phosphorus for is protein synthesis. Without phosphorus, your plants won’t have enough energy or nutrients to create new growth, which can slow or even stop the growing process entirely.[9]

Section 4 of 4:

How do I know if my plants need more phosphorus?

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  1. 1

    Look for stunted plant growth. Plants low in phosphorus won’t grow as quickly as they should. If you’re halfway through the growing season and your plants aren’t as large or tall as you’d expect them to be, there’s a good chance that your soil is low in phosphorus.[10]

  2. 2

    Check for a dark green color on your plants. Plants that aren’t getting enough phosphorus usually have a dark green color on the stems or the leaves. This color will look abnormal and unlike what you’re used to seeing on your plants.[11]

  3. 3

    Use a soil test kit. The best way to tell what your soil is lacking is to use a soil test kit. The test kit will tell you the pH of the soil, as well as what nutrients are there and how much of them there are. Do a soil test kit before the growing season to see what your crops need.

    • In general, the optimal range of phosphorus in a vegetable garden is 30 to 50 parts per million (ppm).[12]
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      References

      1. https://ag.umass.edu/vegetable/fact-sheets/compost-use-soil-fertility
      2. https://earthmatter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/tip-sheet-how-to-use-compost-cpts-htuc-f.pdf
      3. https://extension.unh.edu/resource/guidelines-using-animal-manures-and-manure-based-composts-garden-fact-sheet
      4. https://s3.wp.wsu.edu/uploads/sites/403/2015/03/bonemeal.pdf
      5. https://extension.umn.edu/phosphorus-and-potassium/understanding-phosphorus-fertilizers
      6. https://cdn.dal.ca/content/dam/dalhousie/pdf/faculty/agriculture/oacc/en/technical-bulletins/2006/OACC_Technical_Bulletin_2006_17_web.pdf
      7. https://www.globalnetacademy.edu.au/grow-better-root-vegetables-by-adding-phosphorus-to-your-soil/
      8. https://www.hortmag.com/smart-gardening/compost-improves-the-garden
      9. https://passel2.unl.edu/view/lesson/0718261a1c9d/2

      More References (3)

      About This Article

      How to Add Phosphorus to Soil: 5 Organic Ways (33)

      Co-authored by:

      Garden & Landscape Designer

      This article was co-authored by Ben Barkan and by wikiHow staff writer, Hannah Madden. Ben Barkan is a Garden and Landscape Designer and the Owner and Founder of HomeHarvest LLC, an edible landscapes and construction business based in Boston, Massachusetts. Ben has over 12 years of experience working with organic gardening and specializes in designing and building beautiful landscapes with custom construction and creative plant integration. He is a Certified Permaculture Designer, is licensed Construction Supervisor in Massachusetts, and is a Licensed Home Improvement Contractor. He holds an associates degree in Sustainable Agriculture from the University of Massachusetts Amherst. This article has been viewed 20,773 times.

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      Updated: September 29, 2023

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      Categories: Soil Chemistry

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      How to Add Phosphorus to Soil: 5 Organic Ways (2024)

      FAQs

      How to Add Phosphorus to Soil: 5 Organic Ways? ›

      Chicken and horse manure, bone meal, fish emulsion

      fish emulsion
      Fish emulsion is a quick-acting organic liquid fertilizer made from byproducts of the fish oil and fish meal industry. It is also called fish fertilizer. It is a thick concentrate that you dilute with water and apply to your lawn or garden.
      https://www.thespruce.com › fish-emulsion-as-organic-fertilize...
      and rock phosphate
      rock phosphate
      Phosphorite, phosphate rock or rock phosphate is a non-detrital sedimentary rock that contains high amounts of phosphate minerals. The phosphate content of phosphorite (or grade of phosphate rock) varies greatly, from 4% to 20% phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5).
      https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Phosphorite
      are all good sources of phosphorus for plants. Fertilizers with a higher second number, such as 10-20-5, act quickly to boost phosphorus for plants.

      How to add phosphorus to soil organically? ›

      In organic farming systems, phosphorus is supplied mainly through recycling of on-farm organic materials such as composts, green manures and animal manures. These organic materials contain phosphorus mineralized by soil organisms, making this macronutrient easier for plants to use.

      What are the organic sources of phosphorus? ›

      Phosphorus sources in organic agriculture

      Common P sources include rock phosphate, manure, and compost, all of which are frequently used in research studies. Bone meal and guano are among the less commonly cited P sources but can have high P contents (ranging from 7% to 12% and 1% to 9%, respectively).

      Which organic fertilizer is rich in phosphorus? ›

      Organic fertilizers that are high in phosphorus such as hair, bone meal or enriched rock phosphate make for a great choice. If you are looking to correct your deficiency more quickly you can always decide to go for mineral fertilizer.

      How can farmers replenish phosphorus in the soil? ›

      Farmers apply nutrients on their fields in the form of chemical fertilizers and animal manure, which provide crops with the nitrogen and phosphorus necessary to grow and produce the food we eat.

      What is the fastest way to add phosphorus to soil? ›

      What is a good source of phosphorus for plants? Chicken and horse manure, bone meal, fish emulsion and rock phosphate are all good sources of phosphorus for plants. Fertilizers with a higher second number, such as 10-20-5, act quickly to boost phosphorus for plants.

      Do coffee grounds add phosphorus to soil? ›

      Turns out the grounds provide generous amounts of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and copper. They also release nitrogen into the soil as they degrade.

      Does Epsom salt have phosphorus? ›

      Since tomato plants need calcium to prevent blossom end rot, adding Epsom salts to the soil may make blossom end rot worse! Epsom salts contain no nitrogen, no phosphorus, and no potassium. In fact, its analysis is 0-0-0! It does not contain ANY of the major nutrients required for plant growth.

      How do you make organic phosphorus at home? ›

      Bone meal: This is a natural fertilizer made from ground-up animal bones. It is a good source of phosphorus and also provides some nitrogen and calcium. Rock phosphate: This is a naturally occurring mineral that is a good source of phosphorus.

      What is the best natural source of phosphorus? ›

      A variety of foods naturally contain phosphorus, and the richest sources are dairy, red meat, poultry, seafood, legumes, and nuts. Phosphorus from these foods is called organic phosphorus. It is absorbed more efficiently from animal foods than plant foods.

      Do banana peels have phosphorus? ›

      Banana peels contain lots of nutrients, including potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium—all of which are needed for good plant growth.

      How to make homemade phosphorus fertilizer? ›

      Making homemade phosphorus fertilizer - a.k.a. bone meal fertilizer - is simple and cost-effective. You only need one ingredient: bones. Save a heap of animal bones from your meals (think chicken wings, bone-in steaks, and pork chops!) or source cast-off bones from your local butcher.

      What is the best phosphorus based fertilizer? ›

      The most commonly used phosphatic fertilizers are Diammonium Phosphate (DAP), Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP), NPKs, and SSP. DAP is the world's most widely used phosphorus fertilizer.

      How to get phosphorus naturally for plants? ›

      Fish Meal

      It is an organic fertilizer that is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus and great for boosting foliage and root development. Fish meal can come as a liquid or granular fertilizer, so it can either be used as a foliar spray or scattered around the plants in pellet form.

      How do you fix phosphorus deficiency in soil? ›

      Organic matter, such as compost or well-rotted manure, can help increase the levels of this nutrient. Apply phosphorus fertilizer: If the soil lacks phosphorus, apply a phosphorus fertilizer to boost the phosphorus levels in the soil. Use a slow-release fertilizer to prevent over-fertilization.

      What is the main way phosphorus gets into the soil? ›

      Phosphorus additions to soil occur due to additions of inorganic and organic (manure) fertilizer and the degradation and decomposition of organic (plant and animal) material. Export of P from soil occurs mainly through plant uptake.

      How do you increase phosphorus naturally? ›

      Fish: Phosphorus is found in fatty fish and shellfish, such as salmon, tuna, clams, and mollusks. Dairy products: Dairy products, such as milk and yogurt, have a more balanced calcium-phosphorus ratio and are, thus, high in phosphorus.

      What is a good organic source of phosphorus for plants? ›

      Organic phosphorus fertilizers come primarily from mineral sources, like rock dust or colloidal phosphate (also called “soft phosphate”), or from bone sources, such as steamed bone meal or fish bone meal. Mineral phosphorus sources are cheaper and last longer in the soil.

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