Updated November 22, 2019
By Monica Wachman
Clover is a ground cover plant with about 300 known species. Most have the familiar three-leaf shape and ball-like cluster type flowers in white, red, pink, purple or yellow. White clover is the most common in North America and an important feed crop.
Pollination
Honey bees are essential in the pollination of clover. Farmers build bee hives in clover fields to not only aid the plants but to cultivate clover honey.
Seeds
Clover seeds are produced in large numbers. They have hard shells and can remain dormant for years until conditions are favorable for germination.
Scarification
The seeds' hard shells are broken down by going through an animal’s intestinal system, usually cows or sheep. This is called scarification. The animals also help spread the seeds in this fashion.
Manual Spreading
Farmers who grow clover spread the seeds on the surface using a cultipacker, which gives the seeds a light covering of soil. Seeding is normally done in February or March and may include a mixture of other grass seeds.
White Clover
Though white clover does produce seeds, it also spreads by taking root along its creeping stems at structures called nodes. This helps the clover spread out over a large area. Clover still needs the aid or animals or humans to propagate in new territory.
