Growth Chart training resources. (2024)

The growth patterns of breastfed and formula-fed infants are different. For example,

  • Healthy breastfed infants typically put on weight more slowly than formula-fed infants in the first year of life.1-2
  • Formula-fed infants typically gain weight more quickly after about 3 months of age.
  • Differences in weight patterns continue even after complimentary foods are introduced.1

Linear growth generally follows a similar pattern for both breastfed and formula-fed infants.

WHO Growth Standards

The WHO growth standard charts consider the effect of infant feeding on growth by using breastfeeding as the norm.

When the WHO growth curves were created, the differences in growth patterns of breastfed and formula-fed infants were considered.3

  • A healthy breastfed infant is the standard against which all other infants are compared.
  • All infants in the WHO sample were breastfed at least until aged 12 months and predominantly breastfed for at least 4 months.
  • Complementary foods were introduced at the mean age of 5.4 months.

The breastfed infant is the reference or normative model against which alternative feeding methods are measured with regard to growth, healthy development, and all other short-term and long-term outcomes.4

This is consistent with U.S. dietary reference intakes, in which norms for infant intakes of most nutrients are determined on the basis of the composition of human milk and the average volume of human milk intake.5

CDC Growth Reference

CDC growth reference charts were developed to represent all infants in the United States. Feeding criteria were not identified.

The CDC growth reference charts are based on primarily formula-fed infants.

  • Only about 50% of U.S. infants measured to create the CDC growth reference charts were ever breastfed.
  • By age 3 months, only 33% of U.S. infants were breastfed.

In the United States most infants start to breastfeed.6

As a result, the CDC growth charts may not adequately reflect the current growth patterns of infants in the United States. They also do not reflect the growth pattern typically seen in breastfed infants.

References

1Dewey KG. Growth characteristics of breast-fed compared to formula-fed infants. Biol Neonate. 1998;74(2):94-105.

2Dewey KG. Growth patterns of breastfed infants and the current status of growth charts for infants. J Hum Lact. 1998;14(2):89-92.

3de Onis M, Garza C, Vicotra CG, Onyango AW, Frongillo EA, Martines J; for the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. The WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study: planning, study design, and methodology. Food Nutr Bull. 2004;25(suppl 1):S15-S26.

4American Academy of Pediatrics. Policy Statement. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 2012:129(3):e827-e841.

5Otten JJ, Hellwig JP, Meyers LD, eds. Dietary Reference Intake: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2006.

6Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Breastfeeding Report Cards.

Growth Chart training resources. (2024)

FAQs

How do you study growth charts? ›

Reading the lines

Age is at the top and bottom of the chart, and length and weight are along the left and right sides. The curved lines show the percentile numbers, or patterns of growth. The percentile number means that your child's growth exceeds that percentage of other children their age.

Should I use CDC or Who growth charts? ›

Recommendation. CDC recommends that health care providers: Use the WHO growth charts to monitor growth for infants and children ages 0 to 2 years of age in the U.S. Use the CDC growth charts to monitor growth for children age 2 years and older in the U.S.

How to make a growth chart? ›

Growth Chart Ruler
  1. Step 1: The Router Template. ...
  2. Step 2: Initial Template Alignment and Cutting. ...
  3. Step 3: Realignment and Cutting. ...
  4. Step 4: First Sanding. ...
  5. Step 5: Painting the Lines. ...
  6. Step 6: Finish Sanding. ...
  7. Step 7: Toner Transfer. ...
  8. Step 8: Finishing.

Which growth chart do pediatricians use? ›

The CDC and the American Academy of Pediatrics AAP recommend using the 2.3rd and 97.7th percentiles of the WHO growth curves (labeled as 2nd and 98th on the curves, or 2 standard deviations above and below the median) to identify children with potentially suboptimal growth in the first 24 months after birth.

What is the best method to study growth? ›

The best method to study the growth and development of a child is the comparative method. Piaget wanted to explore the nature of children's moral judgement, and he chose three areas to study the same.

What are the disadvantages of growth charts? ›

Growth and size are not equivalent. Whether or not the individual is growing normally is more complicated and not part of the information content that a growth chart aims to provide. This is not always appreciated by the manner in which growth charts are employed.

How accurate are growth charts? ›

In routine clinical practice, height is assessed by using normative data based on growth charts and operationalized through percentiles. However, the cross-sectional nature of existing growth curves causes low accuracy in the prediction of final height, particularly during puberty.

How to plot on a growth chart? ›

Find the child's age on the horizontal axis. When plotting weight-for-length, find the length on the horizontal axis. Use a straight edge or right-angle ruler to draw a vertical line up from that point. Find the appropriate measurement (weight, length, stature, or BMI) on the vertical axis.

What is the best chart for growth rate? ›

Double Axis Line Graph and Bar Chart

A Dual Axis Bar and Line Graph is one of the best year-over-year growth charts for comparing two data sets for a presentation. The visualization design uses two axes to easily illustrate the relationships between two variables with different magnitudes and scales of measurement.

How to make a growth chart in Excel? ›

How to Create a Graph in Excel
  1. Enter your data into Excel.
  2. Choose one of the graph and chart options to make.
  3. Highlight your data and click 'Insert' your desired graph.
  4. Switch the data on each axis, if necessary.
  5. Adjust your data's layout and colors.
  6. Change the size of your chart's legend and axis labels.
Feb 29, 2024

When should I start my growth chart? ›

The new BMI growth charts can be used clinically beginning at 2 years of age, when an accurate stature can be obtained.

What is the best way to show growth in a chart? ›

What is the best way to show trends over time? A line chart is the best way. Many data analysts prefer line charts to other graphs. This is because line charts show differences in variables.

What are the two types of growth charts? ›

Growth charts mainly belong to two types: growth standards and growth references. Growth standards are prescriptive and define how a population of children should grow given the optimal nutrition and optimal health.

How are growth charts calculated? ›

Growth charts were developed from information gained by measuring and weighing thousands of children. From these numbers, the national average weight and height for each age and gender were established.

How do you monitor a growth chart? ›

Every child should have a growth chart that tracks his or her growth. It shows whether the child is growing appropriately for his or her age. At each weighing the child's weight should be marked with a dot on the growth chart and the dots should be connected.

How do you read a grow chart? ›

When doctors plot a child's weight and height on the chart, they see which percentile line those measurements land on:
  1. The higher the percentile number, the bigger a child is compared with other kids of the same age and gender, whether it's for height or weight.
  2. The lower the percentile number, the smaller the child is.

How do you interpret growth chart data? ›

A child whose weight is average for their height will have a BMI between the 25th and 75th centiles, whatever their height centile. A BMI above the 91st centile suggests the child is overweight. A BMI above the 98th centile is very overweight (clinically obese).

How do you understand growth percentiles? ›

If a child's weight is at the 50th percentile line, that means that out of 100 normal children her age, 50 will be bigger than she is and 50 smaller. Similarly, if she is in the 75th percentile, that means that she is bigger than 75 children and smaller than only 25, compared with 100 children her age.

How do you predict height from a growth chart? ›

What's the best way to predict a child's adult height?
  1. Add the mother's height to the father's height in either inches or centimeters.
  2. Add 5 inches (13 centimeters) for boys or subtract 5 inches (13 centimeters) for girls.
  3. Divide by 2.

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