Coronavirus: Bank pumps £100bn into UK economy to aid recovery (2024)

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Coronavirus: Bank pumps £100bn into UK economy to aid recovery (1)Image source, PA Media

By Szu Ping Chan

Business reporter, BBC News

The Bank of England will pump an extra £100bn into the UK economy to help fight the "unprecedented" coronavirus-induced downturn.

Bank policymakers voted 8-1 to increase the size of its bond-buying programme.

However, they said there was growing evidence that the hit to the economy would be "less severe" than initially feared.

The Bank's Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) also kept interest rates at a record low of 0.1%.

The move comes just days after Bank governor Andrew Bailey said policymakers were ready to take action after the economy suffered its biggest monthly contraction on record.

The UK economy shrank by 20.4% in April, while official jobs data showed the number of workers on UK payrolls fell by more than 600,000 between March and May.

The Bank said more recent indicators suggested the economy was starting to bounce back.

However, Mr Bailey warned that the outlook for the economy remained uncertain. He said: "We don't want to get too carried away by this. Let's be clear, we're still living in very unusual times."

The minutes added: "While recent demand and output data had not been quite as negative as expected, other indicators suggested greater risks around the potential for longer-lasting damage to the economy from the pandemic."

Back in May, policymakers warned the economy was heading for its sharpest recession on record.

Scenarios drawn up by the Bank suggested the economy could shrink by 25% in the three months to June.

However, the MPC said more recent evidence suggested the contraction would be less severe.

The extra monetary stimulus - known as quantitative easing (QE) - will raise the total size of the Bank's asset purchase programme to £745bn.

Policymakers said the injection would help to support financial markets and underpin the recovery.

However, Andy Haldane, the Bank's chief economist, voted against the increase.

He said the recovery was happening "sooner and materially faster" than the Bank expected in May.

Slow recovery

Policymakers said the jobs market was likely to remain weak for some time, with a risk of "higher and more persistent unemployment".

Millions of workers have already seen their pay packets shrink as a result of lower pay for furloughed employees. A survey by the Bank said other companies had postponed or cancelled pay rises this year.

Mr Bailey said: "Even with the relaxation of some Covid-related restrictions on economic activity, a degree of precautionary behaviour by households and businesses is likely to persist. The economy, and especially the labour market, will therefore take some time to recover towards its previous path."

Weak inflation

Inflation, as measured by the consumer prices index (CPI), fell to 0.5% in May, from 0.8% in April - well below the Bank of England's 2% target.

Mr Bailey said weak inflation had been by driven by falling oil and energy prices, as well as a global drop in economic activity.

The Bank expects inflation to return to target within two years.

Samuel Tombs of Pantheon Macroeconomics expects the Bank to increase QE again later this year.

"Unemployment looks set to rise sharply in the second half of this year and to fall back slowly thereafter," he said.

"The resulting prolonged weakness in domestically generated inflation likely will necessitate the MPC doing more to stimulate the economy in the winter."

The Bank of England has increased its support for the economy, despite it assessing that the outlook is not quite as awful as its scenario last month. The economy is on course for a hit in the second quarter of about 20% compared with the final three months of 2019. That's still historic, and off the scale, but not quite as extreme as the 27% it predicted in May.

The extra £100bn of purchases of government bonds also has the air of an insurance policy.

Most of the MPC were concerned about a couple of factors, A less awful outlook does not mean the recovery will be quick. This is for two reasons stretching beyond economics.

There is a fear that the "prevalence of the virus" in the UK will mean that Britons will continue to socially distance, voluntarily, holding back the recovery more than other nations (Germany would be an example).

Related to that was the idea that more QE now could mitigate the economic impact of "higher rates of Covid-19 infection going forward" - a second wave.

So the news is still bad, but less awful. But risks beyond the purely economic led to more billions being injected into the economy.

More on this story

  • What is quantitative easing?

    • Published

      1 November 2022

  • Record fuel price slump pushes down UK inflation

    • Published

      17 June 2020

  • What are negative interest rates?

    • Published

      4 February 2021

Coronavirus: Bank pumps £100bn into UK economy to aid recovery (2024)

FAQs

Will the UK economy recover in 2024? ›

The British Chambers of Commerce (BCC) Quarterly Economic Forecast has slightly upgraded growth expectations for 2024 and 2025, as the recession lasts just two quarters, but strong growth will remain elusive. The UK economy is expected to grow every year until the end of 2026 but will continue to lack momentum.

How did COVID have an impact on the economy? ›

The U.S. economy lost 23 million jobs at the start of the pandemic, leading to a recession in early 2020. The federal government responded with sharp increases in fiscal spending, and the Federal Reserve lowered interest rates to near zero and kept them there for almost 2 years.

How long will the UK recession last? ›

Most recent indicators of economic activity suggest that the UK will probably exit recession in the first quarter of 2024.

Is the UK economy growing? ›

LONDON, March 13 (Reuters) - Britain's economy returned to growth in January after entering a shallow recession in the second half of 2023, offering some relief to Prime Minister Rishi Sunak ahead of an election expected this year, official data showed.

Will US economy recover in 2024? ›

Key Takeaways. S&P Global Ratings expects U.S. real GDP growth of 2.5% in 2024 as the labor market remains sturdy. We continue to expect the economy to transition to slightly below-potential growth in the next couple of years.

What can we expect from the UK economy in 2024 after a recession? ›

The UK economy staged an early recovery from a technical recession in the second half of 2023, with real GDP growth expected to be 0.3% in 2024, and to accelerate to 0.9% in 2025. We expect improving incomes to bolster consumer spending, while investment should also benefit from easing credit conditions.

How did COVID affect the UK economy? ›

The nationwide lockdown undertaken to protect the country from the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic led to an unprecedented fall in UK GDP. Public health measures including social distancing, travel restrictions and closure of non-essential shops drove a 19.8% fall in GDP between April and June 2020.

Did COVID-19 hurt the economy? ›

The economic impacts of the COVID-19 crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic sent shock waves through the world economy and triggered the largest global economic crisis in more than a century. The crisis led to a dramatic increase in inequality within and across countries.

How much money did the US lose during COVID? ›

The estimated cumulative financial costs of the COVID-19 pandemic related to the lost output and health reduction is shown in Table 1. The total cost is estimated at more than $16 trillion, or roughly 90% of annual GDP of the United States. For a family of 4, the estimated loss would be nearly $200,000.

Why is Japan in recession? ›

A weaker Japanese yen was a key factor in the drop to fourth place, since comparisons of nominal GDP are in dollar terms. But Japan's relative weakness also reflects a decline in its population and lagging productivity and competitiveness, economists say.

Is Canada in a recession? ›

Canadian economy not in recession, but 2023 was one of its weakest recent years. The Canadian economy expanded at an annualized rate of one per cent in the fourth quarter as high interest rates weighed on growth, but not enough to push the economy into a recession.

Is Germany in a recession? ›

Germany's Economy Probably Is in Recession

“This is due to continued weak domestic demand, high financing costs and the still subdued sentiment among private households and companies.” Respondents in the Bloomberg survey also reduced their forecast for 2024 as a whole, now seeing growth of just 0.1%.

What is the best performing economy in the world? ›

Top 10 Largest Economies in the World 2024
Rank & CountryGDP (USD billion)GDP Per Capita (USD thousand)
#1 United States Of America (U.S.A)28,78385.37
#2 China18,53613.14
#3 Germany4,73056.29
#4 Japan4,11234.14
6 more rows
5 days ago

Why is the British economy so strong? ›

Among OECD members, the United Kingdom has a highly efficient and strong social security system, which comprises roughly 24.5% of GDP. The service sector dominates, contributing 82% of GDP; the financial services industry is particularly important, and London is the second-largest financial centre in the world.

Will the UK economy recover? ›

Although economic activity has picked up since the start of the year, the outlook remains weak by historical standards. GDP growth is forecast at 0.3% in 2024, accelerating to 0.9% in 2025, with longer-term economic growth expected to reach just 1% this decade, according to KPMG's latest UK Economic Outlook.

What is the UK economy forecast for 2024? ›

EY ITEM Club Spring Forecast - April 2024

The EY ITEM Club now expects GDP growth of 2% in 2025, up from 1.8% in January's Winter Forecast. However, the growth forecast for 2024 from EY ITEM Club has been downgraded from 0.9% to 0.7% as the lagged effects of the 2023 technical recession continue to be felt this year.

Will UK economy recover in 2025? ›

Although economic activity has picked up since the start of the year, the outlook remains weak by historical standards. GDP growth is forecast at 0.3% in 2024, accelerating to 0.9% in 2025, with longer-term economic growth expected to reach just 1% this decade, according to KPMG's latest UK Economic Outlook.

What is the UK economy forecast for 2025? ›

In its annual assessment of the U.K. economy, published Thursday, the OECD slashed its U.K. growth outlook for GDP to 0.4 percent this year and 1 percent in 2025.

What is the economy prediction for 2024? ›

Global growth is projected at 3.1 percent in 2024 and 3.2 percent in 2025, with the 2024 forecast 0.2 percentage point higher than that in the October 2023 World Economic Outlook (WEO) on account of greater-than-expected resilience in the United States and several large emerging market and developing economies, as well ...

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