British bluebells 'have advantage over Spanish bluebells' (2024)

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British bluebells 'have advantage over Spanish bluebells' (1)Image source, Getty Images

By Helen Briggs

BBC News

Fears that the British bluebell could go extinct are unfounded, say scientists.

The introduced Spanish variety has lower fertility and is unlikely to wipe out the native plant, according to genetic tests.

The Spanish bluebell's escape into the wild has raised concerns that the two plants could mix, leading to the loss of one of the spectacles of spring.

The violet-blue flowers appear in April and May, carpeting the woodland floor.

It turns out that the British bluebell has a genetic advantage.

"The greater fertility of the native British bluebell coupled with the huge numbers of individuals that exist in the wild means that it's got considerable resilience against any threat from these introduced plants," said Prof Pete Hollingsworth, director of science at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE).

The British bluebell is one of the nation's best-loved plants, with 50% of the world's population found in the UK.

What is a bluebell?

The native bluebell, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, also goes by the name common bluebell, wood bell, fairy flower and wild hyacinth.

Image source, Getty Images

Millions of bulbs can be found in just one ancient woodland, giving rise to carpets of flowers in April and May.

The Spanish bluebell, Hyacinthoides hispanica, was introduced into the UK by the Victorians as a garden plant and can be found today alongside the native bluebell in woodlands as well as on road verges and in gardens.

How do you tell which type of bluebell is which?

The two plants look similar but have some tell-tale differences:

Image source, Getty Images

Spanish bluebells have broad leaves, pale blue conical-bell flowers, with spreading and open tips, and flowers are found all around the stem. They have upright stems, no scent, and coloured pollen inside.

Native bluebells have narrow leaves, deep violet-blue (sometimes white), narrow, tubular-bell flowers, with tips that curl back, flowers on one side of the stem, distinctly drooping stems, a sweet scent, and cream-coloured pollen.

What does the study show?

In research to look at the potential genetic threat, the Spanish bluebell was planted next to the British bluebell in large numbers and allowed to breed naturally.

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The native bluebell was more fertile and set more seeds than the Spanish bluebell, saving it from the threat of "extinction by hybridisation".

It appears that the Spanish bluebell may already be a hybrid, with reduced fertility, even though locally it can escape, spread and be hard to remove from gardens.

"When examined, the pollen of the non-native bluebells in the UK was often misshapen - indicating lower pollen fertility, compared to the pollen of the native bluebell," said Dr Deborah Kohn of RBGE.

The research, published in the journal, Conservation Genetics, was carried out with the University of Toronto and Lincoln University, New Zealand.

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British bluebells 'have advantage over Spanish bluebells' (2024)

FAQs

What is the difference between British and Spanish bluebells? ›

Spanish bluebells – flowers are a lighter blue and are larger than those of English bluebells. They are unscented and are positioned all the way around upright stems. Pink or white flowers sometimes occur, and as with English bluebells, these have been selected and bred to produce pink or white-flowered cultivars.

What are some fun facts about English bluebells? ›

Bluebell fast facts
  • Almost half the world's bluebells are found in the UK – they're relatively rare elsewhere.
  • It's against the law to intentionally pick, uproot or destroy bluebells.
  • Bluebell colonies take a long time to establish – around five to seven years from seed to flower.

Are English bluebells fragrant? ›

English bluebells are a sign that spring is in full swing. Their deep blue-violet blooms appear in mid to late spring and put on a fragrant show for up to five weeks before going dormant by early summer.

What is the difference between Spanish bluebells and Virginia bluebells? ›

Spanish bluebells are a very aggressively spreading bulb. Virginia bluebells are a woodland perennial wildflower. Spanish bluebells form thick clumps and their foliage can smother other plants as it dies back in a slimy mess.

Do Spanish bluebells like sun or shade? ›

Spanish bluebells need the sun to grow, but they do best when they're not in full sunlight all day. A place that gets partial sun to partial shade is ideal for them. Spanish bluebells will need to be planted deep enough that they won't be affected by temperature variations above ground, either too warm or too cold.

Are Spanish bluebells invasive in the US? ›

Invasiveness: Spanish bluebells can be invasive in some areas as they can reproduce by bulb or by self-seeding.

What is the difference between English and foreign bluebells? ›

The Spanish bluebell is more vigorous than our native bluebell, so can outcompete it for resources like light and space. It can hybridise with our native, too, producing fertile plants that show a whole range of mixed features from both species.

Why are bluebells so special? ›

Bluebells are an essential part of our natural heritage. Almost half the world's bluebells are found in the UK and colonies of this delicate wild flower take a long time to establish – around five to seven years from seed to bloom. They're considered so important that they're a protected species in the UK.

What are the advantages of bluebells? ›

Many insects reap the benefits of bluebells which flower earlier than many other plants. Woodland butterflies, bees and hoverflies all feed on their nectar. Bees can 'steal' the nectar from bluebells by biting a hole in the bottom of the flower, reaching the nectar without the need to pollinate the flower.

What is the blue flower that smells good? ›

Lavender. The beloved woodsy subshrubs commonly appears in herb planters and colorful gardens. The strongly scented stunner blooms in a variety of pretty shades from deep violet to blue and white to pink hues that contrast with its green base.

Are bluebells British or Spanish? ›

The one I noted down in my book was that the Spanish Bluebell has bells on both sides of the stem and tends to stand more upright on its stem, whereas the British one only has flowers on one side and is therefore more inclined to droop under the weight, giving the classic “Shepherd's Crook” bent stem.

Do Spanish bluebells have a scent? ›

Spanish bluebell flowers are unscented, much larger and more open than English bluebells, borne on every side around an upright flower stem up to 45cm high. Wide, strap-shaped green leaves are up to 3cm wide.

What does a bluebell symbolize? ›

The Common Bluebell carried messages of gratitude and humility, a nod to the giver's appreciation and the recipient's grace. But the symbolism doesn't stop there; these delicate blooms also whisper of everlasting love, a testament to their perennial nature and the enduring affection they represent.

What is the difference between Irish and Spanish bluebells? ›

Irish bluebells have narrower leaves, deep blue tube-like flowers that curl outwards. They have a distinct sweet, fruity scent and inside the flowers, the anthers with the pollen are usually cream. Spanish bluebells have broader leaves and their flowers are a paler blue and often often pink and white.

What is another name for Spanish bluebells? ›

Hyacinthoides hispanica (syn. Endymion hispanicus or Scilla hispanica), the Spanish bluebell or wood hyacinth, is a spring-flowering bulbous perennial native to the Iberian Peninsula.

How can you tell English bluebells from Spanish bluebells? ›

Native bluebells have droopy heads. Spanish bluebell heads are much more upright.

What does a Spanish bluebell look like? ›

Spanish bluebell flowers are unscented, much larger and more open than English bluebells, borne on every side around an upright flower stem up to 45cm high. Wide, strap-shaped green leaves are up to 3cm wide. Spanish bluebells cross-breed with English bluebells.

Are Scottish bluebells different from English bluebells? ›

Scottish bluebells are actually harebells, Campanula rotundifolia and they're an entirely different genus altogether. In fact, they don't even belong to the same family. Scottish bluebells are in the campanula Campanulaceae family, whereas the English and Spanish are in the asparagus family.

Are Virginia bluebells the same as English bluebells? ›

Despite the similar name, English and Spanish bluebells are unrelated to Virginia bluebells. They are native to Europe and are in the Hyacinthoides genus and asparagus family; meanwhile, Mertensia bluebells are in the borage family and native to North America.

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