Are Vegetable and Seed Oils Bad for Your Health? (2024)

The consumption of vegetable oils has increased dramatically in the past century.

Most mainstream health professionals consider them healthy, but vegetable oils may cause health problems.

Their health effects vary depending on what fatty acids they contain, what plants they are extracted from, and how they are processed.

This article looks at the evidence to determine if vegetable and seed oils are bad for your health.

Are Vegetable and Seed Oils Bad for Your Health? (1)Share on Pinterest

Edible oils extracted from plants are commonly known as vegetable oils.

In addition to their use in cooking and baking, they’re found in processed foods, including salad dressings, margarine, mayonnaise, and cookies.

Common vegetable oils include soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, and coconut oil.

Refined vegetable oils were not available until the 20th century, when the technology to extract them became available.

These are extracted from plants using either a chemical solvent or oil mill. Then they are often purified, refined, and sometimes chemically altered.

Health-conscious consumers prefer oils that are made by crushing or pressing plants or seeds, rather than those produced using chemicals.

Summary

Edible plant oils are commonly known as vegetable oils. The oil is often extracted with chemical solvents or by crushing or pressing the plants or their seeds.

In the past century, the consumption of vegetable oils has increased at the expense of other fats like butter.

They are often labeled “heart-healthy” and recommended as an alternative to sources of saturated fat, such as butter, lard, and tallow.

The reason vegetable oils are considered heart-healthy is that studies consistently link polyunsaturated fat to a reduced risk of heart problems, compared with saturated fat (1).

Despite their potential health benefits, some scientists are worried about how much of these oils people are consuming.

These concerns mostly apply to oils that contain a lot of omega-6 fats, as explained in the next chapter.

Summary

The consumption of vegetable oils increased drastically in the last century. While some vegetable oils have been linked to health benefits, there are concerns about the excessive intake of omega-6.

It’s important to note that not all plant oils are bad for your health. For example, coconut oil and olive oil are both excellent choices.

Consider avoiding the following plant oils due to their high omega-6 contents:

  • soybean oil
  • corn oil
  • cottonseed oil
  • sunflower oil
  • peanut oil
  • sesame oil
  • rice bran oil

Both omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids are essential fatty acids, meaning that you need some of them in your diet because your body can’t produce them.

Throughout evolution, humans got omega-3 and omega-6 in a certain ratio. While this ratio differed between populations, it’s estimated to have been about 1:1.

However, in the past century or so, this ratio in the Western diet has shifted dramatically and may be as high as 20:1 (2).

Scientists have hypothesized that too much omega-6 relative to omega-3 may contribute to chronic inflammation (3).

Chronic inflammation is an underlying factor in some of the most common Western diseases, such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and arthritis.

Observational studies have also associated a high intake of omega-6 fat to an increased risk of obesity, heart disease, arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease (4).

However, these associations don’t necessarily imply a causal relationship.

Studies investigating the effects of omega-6 fat consumption generally do not support the idea that these fats increase inflammation (5).

For instance, eating a lot of linoleic acid, which is the most common omega-6 fat, doesn’t appear to affect blood levels of inflammatory markers (6, 7).

Scientists do not fully understand what effects omega-6 fats have on the body, and more studies are needed.

However, if you are concerned, avoid oils or margarine that contain oils high in omega-6 fats. Olive oil is a good example of a healthy cooking oil that’s low in omega-6.

Summary

Some vegetable oils are high in omega-6 fatty acids. Scientists have hypothesized that eating too much omega-6 can lead to increased inflammation in the body and potentially contribute to disease.

Saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fats differ by the number of double bonds their chemical structures contain:

  • Saturated fats: no double bonds
  • Monounsaturated fats: one double bond
  • Polyunsaturated fats: two or more double bonds

The problem with polyunsaturated fats is that all these double bonds make them susceptible to oxidation. The fatty acids react with oxygen in the atmosphere and start deteriorating.

The fat you eat isn’t only stored as fat tissue or burned for energy ⁠— it’s also incorporated into cell membranes.

If you have a lot of polyunsaturated fatty acids in your body, your cell membranes are more sensitive to oxidation.

In short, you have a very high level of fragile fatty acids that can easily be degraded to form harmful compounds (8).

For this reason, it may be best to eat polyunsaturated fats in moderation. Vary your diet by eating a mix of healthy saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats.

Summary

Oils that are high in polyunsaturated fats are susceptible to oxidation, both on the shelf and inside your body.

Commercial vegetable oils may also contain trans fats, which form when the oils are hydrogenated.

Food producers use hydrogenation to harden vegetable oils, making them solid like butter at room temperature.

For this reason, vegetable oils found in margarine are commonly hydrogenated and full of trans fats. However, trans-fat-free margarine is becoming increasingly popular.

However, non-hydrogenated vegetable oils may also contain some trans fats. One source looked at vegetable oils in the United States and discovered that their trans-fat contents varied between 0.56% and 4.2% (9).

A high intake of trans fats is associated with all sorts of chronic diseases, including heart disease, obesity, cancer, and diabetes (10).

If a product lists hydrogenated oil as an ingredient, it likely contains trans fats. For optimal health, avoid these products.

Summary

Hydrogenated vegetable oils are high in trans fat, which has been associated with various health problems. They are found in certain types of margarine, ice cream, and cookies.

Health professionals often recommend vegetable oils for those at risk of heart disease.

The reason is that vegetable oils are generally low in saturated fat and high in polyunsaturated fat.

The benefits of reduced saturated fat intake are controversial.

However, studies show that replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat reduces the risk of heart problems by 17%, but it has no significant effects on the risk of death from heart disease (1).

Furthermore, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids appear to have a greater benefit than omega-6 (4).

Nutritionists have raised concerns about the high amounts of omega-6 found in some vegetable oils. However, there is currently no solid evidence showing that omega-6 fats affect your risk of heart disease (11).

In conclusion, a moderate intake of vegetable oils seems to be a safe bet if you wish to reduce your risk of heart disease. Olive oil may be one of your best options (12).

Summary

Vegetable oils appear to be heart-friendly. While some nutritionists are worried about the high levels of omega-6 in certain oils, there is currently no evidence that they raise the risk of heart disease.

Vegetable oils generally seem to be healthy sources of fat.

Hydrogenated vegetable oils that are high in unhealthy trans fats are an exception to this.

Some nutritionists are also concerned about the high amounts of polyunsaturated omega-6 fats found in certain vegetable oils.

Olive oil is an excellent example of a healthy vegetable oil that’s low in omega-6. It might be one of your best options.

Are Vegetable and Seed Oils Bad for Your Health? (2024)

FAQs

Is vegetable and seed oil bad for you? ›

Seed and Vegetable Oils

These oils have been wrongly considered “heart-healthy” by the media and many nutrition professionals in the past few decades. However, new data links these oils with many serious diseases, including heart disease and cancer ( 21 , 22 , 23 ).

Are seed oils bad for your health? ›

Instead, skip the misleading memes that say seed oils are toxic — they are simply not true. In moderation, seed oils provide essential omega-3 and omega-6 fats in your diet. And they are fine to include in your meals, too.

What vegetable oils should you avoid? ›

The oils which should be avoided for cooking are oils like soybean, corn, canola, sunflower, and safflower. These oils have unstable fats and will decimate the nutritional properties of your food.

Which seed oils should you avoid? ›

The eight industrial toxic seed oils are Canola, Corn, Cottonseed, Soy, Sunflower, Safflower, Grapeseed, and Rice bran. Industrial seed oils are the highly processed oils extracted from soybeans, corn, rapeseed (canola), cottonseed and sunflower and safflower seeds.

What is the healthiest oil to cook with? ›

The healthiest oils are those that are high in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, such as vegetable oil and olive oil. These types of fats can help lower your risk of heart disease when used instead of saturated fats.

Which oil is the healthiest? ›

The healthiest type is extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO). It can help lower your blood pressure and fight inflammation. It lowers your risk of heart disease by improving the health of your blood vessels and preventing blood clots. EVOO is also loaded with antioxidants, which ward off cell damage.

Are seed oils actually inflammatory? ›

You may have heard the opposite—that seed oils are pro-inflammatory because of their omega-6 fats—but that does not appear to be the case. In multiple clinical studies, higher consumption of omega-6 fats from oils has been correlated with lower rates of inflammation.

Is olive oil considered a seed oil? ›

Is olive oil a seed oil? Olive oil (often sold as extra-virgin olive oil) is considered a vegetable oil, but not a seed oil, because it's not derived from the seed of the olive. While all seed oils are considered vegetable oils, all vegetable oils are not necessarily seed oils.

Which oils cause inflammation? ›

Omega-6s are found in oils such as corn, safflower, sunflower, soy and vegetable and products made with those oils. Excess consumption of omega-6s can trigger the body to produce pro-inflammatory chemicals, and the American diet tends to be very high in omega-6s.

What is the healthiest oil to cook with 2022? ›

Choose plant-based oils rich in unsaturated fat.

The heart association suggests the following cooking oils, which meet its health standards: canola, corn, olive, peanut, safflower, soybean and sunflower, as well as specialty oils like avocado, grape-seed and sesame.

What is the unhealthiest oil to cook with? ›

The Worst Cooking Oils
  • Palm oil.
  • Vegetable oil.
  • Soybean oil.
  • Sunflower oil.
  • Coconut oil.
  • Margarine.
  • Shortening.
  • Butter.
16 Sept 2021

What is the safest vegetable oil to eat? ›

Conclusions. It's important to be cautious about which oils you use for cooking and eating. The safest oils include avocado oil, coconut oil, olive oil, palm oil, ghee or butter, or other animal fats. Avoid using canola and vegetable oils.

Is avocado a seed oil? ›

Avocado oil is one of the few comestible oils not derived from a seed. Oil from an avocado is produced by pressing the pulp surrounding the pit — an area of the fruit that produces an oil full of healthy fats, including essential fatty acids and oleic acid.

What are the toxic seed oils? ›

The eight industrial toxic seed oils are Canola, Corn, Cottonseed, Soy, Sunflower, Safflower, Grapeseed, and Rice bran. Industrial seed oils are the highly processed oils extracted from soybeans, corn, rapeseed (canola), cottonseed and sunflower and safflower seeds.

Which oil is best for heart and cholesterol? ›

Heart-healthy oils like canola, corn, olive, peanut, and sunflower oils contain monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. They help to lower harmful low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and raise healthy high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.

Which oil is good for heart? ›

The chart below lists the best oils for specific uses.
Type of OilBrowning, Searing, Pan-Frying
Type of OilBrowning, Searing, Pan-Frying
Sunflower Oil (high-oleic)Browning, Searing, Pan-FryingSauteing, Sauces
Canola OilBrowning, Searing, Pan-FryingSauteing, Sauces
Olive OilBrowning, Searing, Pan-FryingSauteing, Sauces
8 more rows
1 Oct 2019

What is the best oil to cook with besides olive oil? ›

Try canola oil, vegetable oil or sunflower oil work as a 1 for 1 substitute. Find organic versions of these oils if you can. They all have a neutral flavor and are pretty interchangeable with olive oil, which has a stronger, more robust flavor.

What oil is healthier than butter? ›

Both of these fats have health risks. Some guidelines for healthier cooking: Use olive or canola oil instead of butter or margarine.

Which oil does not have cholesterol? ›

Coconut oil, palm, palm kernel oil, and cocoa butter supply large amounts of saturated fat, too, but are cholesterol-free.

What's the healthiest oil to deep fry in? ›

Olive oil and avocado oil are good choices for deep frying. Peanut and palm oils are less suitable, either for health or environmental reasons.

Which oil causes the least inflammation? ›

Which oils are anti-inflammatory?
  • You can use a variety of oils for different purposes, but for the best anti-inflammatory potential, make sure your kitchen has a bottle of extra virgin olive oil or avocado oil for everyday cooking, and flaxseed oil for cold dishes like salads.
  • Related:
18 Apr 2021

Are seed oils worse than butter? ›

Bottomline. Industrial seed oils are high in omega-6 and should be avoided to achieve optimal health. Traditional fats like butter or ghee are better options for cooking. Selecting a vegetable oil high in omega-3 is better for heart health, and can prevent inflammation and chronic illnesses.

Which oil is most anti-inflammatory? ›

Olive Oil. High in monounsaturated fats and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds, olive oils are among the best-studied fats, with many known health benefits. Extra virgin olive oil, the least refined type, is pressed mechanically rather than processed with heat or chemicals that change its properties.

Is peanut butter a seed oil? ›

Peanut oil is actually a seed oil. It's the one seed-based on the good fats list. This is due to the fact that you can extract peanut oil without damaging the nutrients. But avoid refined peanut oil or try to limit it in your diet.

Is Carrot a seed oil? ›

It is a vegetable oil. A third type of oil, cold pressed carrot seed oil, is cold pressed from the carrot seeds and is also not an essential oil. It's used in cosmetics for anti-aging properties in skin care. Carrot seed essential oil has shown antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.

What are 7 seed oils? ›

The eight industrial, inflammatory seed oils are Canola, Corn, Cottonseed, Soybean, Sunflower, Safflower, Grapeseed, and Rice bran.

Is peanut butter inflammatory food? ›

The short answer is no, and in fact, peanuts and some peanut products like peanut butter have been shown to be anti-inflammatory. Inflammation in the body is a mechanism thought to be at the center of the majority of chronic diseases.

Is Honey an anti-inflammatory? ›

Honey contains mostly sugar, as well as a mix of amino acids, vitamins, minerals, iron, zinc and antioxidants. In addition to its use as a natural sweetener, honey is used as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial agent.

What are the most inflammatory foods? ›

What foods cause inflammation?
  • Red meat and processed meats, including bacon, hot dogs, lunch meats and cured meats.
  • Refined grains, including white bread, white rice, pasta and breakfast cereals.
  • Snack foods, including chips, cookies, crackers and pastries.
  • Sodas and other sweetened drinks.
  • Fried foods.
29 Jun 2022

Why you shouldn't cook with olive oil? ›

Olive oil has a lower smoke point-the point at which an oil literally begins to smoke (olive oil's is between 365° and 420°F)-than some other oils. When you heat olive oil to its smoke point, the beneficial compounds in oil start to degrade, and potentially health-harming compounds form.

Which cooking oil is carcinogenic? ›

When heated, corn, sunflower, palm and soya bean oils release chemicals known as aldehydes - which have been linked to various cancers. Some studies suggest toxic compounds may promote the oxidisation of retinaldehyde, transforming it into retinoic acid.

What is the healthiest alternative to vegetable oil? ›

Peanut oil and grapeseed oil are often heralded as healthy substitutes for vegetable oil. Both have a high smoke point and are good for: broiling. stir-frying.

Is olive oil safer than vegetable oil? ›

If you choose to consume oils, extra virgin olive oil tends to be a much healthier choice than most vegetable oils and vegetable oil blends.

Which oil is better olive or avocado? ›

Both olive oil and avocado oil are considered good fats and are an excellent source of monounsaturated fatty acids, which can help improve heart health. On the other hand, olive oil is slightly more nutritious on the whole because it contains more potassium, calcium, iron and vitamins.

What oils are non seed oils? ›

Cultured Oil is a one-to-one substitute for seed oils in baking and is neutral-tasting and low in inflammatory linoleic acid. Olive oil, avocado oil, coconut oil, and butter tend to be lower in linoleic acid and are considered reliable substitutes for other seed oils.

Is it OK to fry with avocado oil? ›

Avocado oil is by far the safest oil for high heat cooking, like frying, due to its extremely high smoke point (as high as 500°F). You can use avocado oil just like your regular frying oil to reduce the risk and make a healthier choice.

Which vegetable oils are toxic? ›

In this chart, she explains how Corn oil, Canola (also called rapeseed) oil, Cottonseed oil, Soy oil, Sunflower oil, Safflower oil, Grapeseed oil and Rice bran oil are 8 of the most unhealthy vegetable oils.

Do vegetable oils cause inflammation? ›

It can — but it depends on what you consider vegetable oil. Vegetable oils are cooking oils derived from plants — from seeds, nuts, grains, or fruits. Many of them can trigger or contribute to inflammatory processes in the body.

Do seed oils damage DNA? ›

Overheated and oxidized seed oils, produce trans-fats and lipid peroxides as byproducts. We're no strangers to trans-fats and their well-known role in leading to heart disease when increasingly consumed. Lipid peroxides lead to damage in DNA, proteins, and membrane lipids throughout the body.

What are the three healthiest oils? ›

Oil Essentials: The 5 Healthiest Cooking Oils
  • Olive Oil. Olive oil is popular for a reason. ...
  • Avocado Oil. Avocado oil boasts a lot of the same benefits as extra virgin olive oil, but with a higher smoking point, making it great for sauteing or pan frying. ...
  • Coconut Oil. ...
  • Sunflower Oil. ...
  • Butter.

What are the 8 bad seed oils? ›

Seed Oil: The Evil 8 to Avoid
  • Canola oil.
  • Corn oil.
  • Cottonseed oil.
  • Soy oil.
  • Sunflower oil.
  • Safflower oil.
  • Grapeseed oil.
  • Rice bran oil.
12 May 2022

What are the side effects of seed oil? ›

Overconsumption of seed oils has also been known to contribute to detrimental health conditions, including diabetes, obesity, heart disease, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), inflammation, and macular degeneration.

What is the unhealthiest oil? ›

Oil Essentials: The 5 Healthiest Cooking Oils
  • Olive Oil. Olive oil is popular for a reason. ...
  • Avocado Oil. Avocado oil boasts a lot of the same benefits as extra virgin olive oil, but with a higher smoking point, making it great for sauteing or pan frying. ...
  • Coconut Oil. ...
  • Sunflower Oil. ...
  • Butter.

Is avocado oil a bad seed oil? ›

Avocado oil is a heart-healthy oil, high in oleic acid, which is an unsaturated fat. It contains vitamin E and also helps the body absorb other fat-soluble vitamins. Avocado oil is a good source of monounsaturated fat which has been linked to reducing LDL cholesterol and increasing HDL cholesterol.

What foods are high in seed oils? ›

Some of the most common seed oils that you may be readily consuming on a daily basis include soybean, corn, canola, cottonseed, rapeseed, grapeseed, sunflower, safflower, and rice bran.

Why is seed oil inflammatory? ›

According to Dr. Shanahan, the high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (or PUFAs, as she called them) in seed oils promote inflammation and the accumulation of toxins in body fat, as well as other chronic health conditions.

What is better than vegetable oil? ›

Healthy vegetable oil substitutes
  • Olive oil. Share on Pinterest. Olive oil is one of the healthiest oils you can buy. ...
  • Coconut oil. Share on Pinterest. Coconut oil is extracted from coconut meat. ...
  • Flaxseed oil. Share on Pinterest. ...
  • Avocado oil. Share on Pinterest.

Why is vegetable oil in everything? ›

However, vegetables oils are added to nearly everything because they are affordable and preserve the product's shelf life. Examples of foods that contain vegetable oils14 include: Margarine. Vegetable Shortening.

Is olive oil considered a vegetable oil? ›

While some might consider olive oil to be a vegetable oil because it is plant-based, it is actually derived from the olive fruit! Olive oil, in the simplest terms, is an olive juice. So the process to create olive oil is very different from vegetable oil.

Which cooking oil is healthy for heart? ›

Some specialty oils, like avocado, grapeseed, rice bran and sesame, can be healthy choices but may cost a bit more or be harder to find. In general, choose oils with less than 4 grams of saturated fat per tablespoon, and no partially hydrogenated oils or trans fats.

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