Aggressive tax planning and corporate social irresponsibility: Managerial discretion in the light of corporate governance (2024)

Abstract

The purpose of this contribution is to explore the possibility of integrating tax with corporate social responsibility (CSR). Some corporate directors seem to argue that they do not have a choice with regard to tax planning, implying that a responsible tax planning strategy is not an option. This contribution shows such argument to be wrong. First, the issue of management accountability and choice will be dealt with in the context of corporate governance systems in order to find out what kinds of obligations corporate governance entail for managers. It will be shown that corporate directors enjoy sufficient discretion for making socially responsible decisions. To this end, two existing theoretical frameworks will be analysed, according to which corporate decisions should prioritise either shareholders or stakeholders interests. Both theories allow managers a choice to act with a wider interest than purely shareholder value maximisation. Furthermore, it will be argued that managerial discretion to take CSR into account does not oblige managers to aspire to some kind of ideal social responsibility but rather to stay away from corporate social irresponsibility (CSI). Therefore, corporate managers in different corporate governance regimes have sufficient room for aligning their tax planning strategies with societal expectations and avoiding aggressive tax planning.

Thus, this paper aims to make two contributions to academic theory. First, it is shown that both shareholder and stakeholder-oriented corporate governance regimes allow for managerial discretion to take CSR on board in tax matters. Secondly, the concept of corporate social irresponsibility is introduced to enhance a more balanced debate about multinationals’ tax planning practices.

Original languageEnglish
PublisherSSRN
Pages1-29
Number of pages29
Publication statusPublished - 13 Mar 2018

Publication series

NameTilburg Law School Research Paper No. 05/2018

Keywords

  • tax avoidance
  • aggressive tax planning
  • Corporate Governance
  • shareholder value
  • stakeholder orientation
  • managerial discretion
  • business judgement rule
  • Corporate social responsibility
  • corporate social irresponsibility
  • compliance beyond the law

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Jallai, A.-G. (2018). Aggressive tax planning and corporate social irresponsibility: Managerial discretion in the light of corporate governance. (pp. 1-29). (Tilburg Law School Research Paper No. 05/2018). SSRN. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3119552

Jallai, Ave-Geidi ; Gribnau, Hans. / Aggressive tax planning and corporate social irresponsibility : Managerial discretion in the light of corporate governance. SSRN, 2018. pp. 1-29 (Tilburg Law School Research Paper No. 05/2018).

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Jallai, A-G 2018 'Aggressive tax planning and corporate social irresponsibility: Managerial discretion in the light of corporate governance' Tilburg Law School Research Paper No. 05/2018, SSRN, pp. 1-29. <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3119552>

Aggressive tax planning and corporate social irresponsibility: Managerial discretion in the light of corporate governance. / Jallai, Ave-Geidi; Gribnau, Hans.
SSRN, 2018. p. 1-29 (Tilburg Law School Research Paper No. 05/2018).

Research output: Working paperOther research output

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AB - The purpose of this contribution is to explore the possibility of integrating tax with corporate social responsibility (CSR). Some corporate directors seem to argue that they do not have a choice with regard to tax planning, implying that a responsible tax planning strategy is not an option. This contribution shows such argument to be wrong. First, the issue of management accountability and choice will be dealt with in the context of corporate governance systems in order to find out what kinds of obligations corporate governance entail for managers. It will be shown that corporate directors enjoy sufficient discretion for making socially responsible decisions. To this end, two existing theoretical frameworks will be analysed, according to which corporate decisions should prioritise either shareholders or stakeholders interests. Both theories allow managers a choice to act with a wider interest than purely shareholder value maximisation. Furthermore, it will be argued that managerial discretion to take CSR into account does not oblige managers to aspire to some kind of ideal social responsibility but rather to stay away from corporate social irresponsibility (CSI). Therefore, corporate managers in different corporate governance regimes have sufficient room for aligning their tax planning strategies with societal expectations and avoiding aggressive tax planning. Thus, this paper aims to make two contributions to academic theory. First, it is shown that both shareholder and stakeholder-oriented corporate governance regimes allow for managerial discretion to take CSR on board in tax matters. Secondly, the concept of corporate social irresponsibility is introduced to enhance a more balanced debate about multinationals’ tax planning practices.

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Jallai AG, Gribnau H. Aggressive tax planning and corporate social irresponsibility: Managerial discretion in the light of corporate governance. SSRN. 2018 Mar 13, p. 1-29. (Tilburg Law School Research Paper No. 05/2018).

Aggressive tax planning and corporate social irresponsibility: Managerial discretion in the light of corporate governance (2024)

FAQs

What is the meaning of aggressive tax planning? ›

Aggressive tax planning (ATP) refers to the practice of exploiting loopholes in tax laws – that is, abiding by the letter of the law but violating its spirit – to minimise or avoid tax liability.

What is the relationship between corporate social responsibility and tax avoidance? ›

Firms with higher CSR engage in more/less tax avoidance than other firms. The relationship between CSR and tax avoidance may not be uniform across countries with different legal and institutional environments. This is because CSR, from an ethical perspective, is a reflection of social morals, norms and values.

What is tax aggressiveness? ›

is a deliberate act by taxpayers who adopt aggressive or borderline positions to minimize their tax liabilities in breach of current tax regulations. The Role of Sustainability Reporting in Corporate Tax Transparency.

What is the role of corporate governance in structuring ethics and social responsibility in the business? ›

Corporate governance demands that executives make their companies more transparent and accountable; social responsibility demands that companies support society with their activities, and business ethics clarifies moral norms for employees.

Is aggressive tax avoidance legal? ›

The US Supreme Court has stated, "The legal right of an individual to decrease the amount of what would otherwise be his taxes or altogether avoid them, by means which the law permits, cannot be doubted".

Is tax avoidance the same as aggressive tax planning? ›

Tax planning is an active strategy where you use legal provisions to reduce taxes, while tax avoidance involves taking on more risk by attempting to use loopholes in the system to avoid paying taxes.

Does corporate social responsibility affect corporate tax aggressiveness? ›

Thus, the results show that firms reporting corporate social responsibility tend to be less tax aggressive. Firms that engage in more corporate social responsibility activities are less likely to be tax aggressive, irrespective of regulatory regimes in place.

What are the relationship between corporate governance and social responsibility? ›

Corporate governance is crucial to protect the firm from financial distress. CSR practices are useful for firms to decrease the financial risk. Generalized method of moments (GMM) is used to analyse the results in Asian emerging markets. Corporate governance and CSR significantly impact the bank risk taking.

What are the tax avoidance strategies for corporations? ›

How do profitable corporations get away with paying no U.S. income tax? Their most lucrative (and perfectly legal) tax avoidance strategies include accelerated depreciation, the offshoring of profits, generous deductions for appreciated employee stock options, and tax credits.

Is tax aggressiveness an indicator of earnings management? ›

Tax aggressiveness indicates that companies with low tax rates have an indication of high tax aggressiveness and this is possible because of the earnings management.

What do measures of tax aggressiveness measure? ›

Tax Aggressiveness Measures

The firms' effective tax rate (ETR), defined as some measure of tax liability divided by income, has long been used in the literature as a measure of active tax planning. The book effective tax rate (BETR) is calculated as total book tax expense divided by pretax income.

What are the three taxes that influence behavior? ›

luxury tax—A tax paid on expensive goods and services considered by the government to be non-essential, such as luxury cars. sin tax—A tax on goods such as tobacco and alcohol that pose a danger to people's health. user tax—A tax that is paid directly by the consumer, or user, of a good, product, or service.

What are the 4 P's of corporate governance? ›

The Pillars of Corporate Governance

It's built on four pillars that we like to call the 4 P's: People, Processes, Performance, and Purpose.

What are the 4 pillars of corporate governance? ›

Every company has its principles, but the most common pillars in corporate governance are accountability, transparency, fairness and responsibility.

What are the four pillars of corporate governance? ›

The aim is to align as nearly as possible the interest of individuals, corporations and society.” There are four pillars for successful corporate governance. They are accountability, fairness, transparency and Independence.

What is tax planning in simple terms? ›

Tax planning is the analysis of a financial situation or plan to ensure that all elements work together to allow you to pay the lowest taxes possible. Considerations of tax planning include the timing of income, size, the timing of purchases, and planning for expenditures.

What is the difference between tax projection and tax planning? ›

Tax planning, on the other hand, goes further than tax projections by proactively seeking out strategies that can be applied to legally reduce taxes based on a person's life, business and any applicable regulatory requirements.

What is proactive tax planning? ›

Proactive tax planning makes the most of new and existing tax law opportunities to help clients avoid triggering tax events in future years, such as: Sale of real estate or business assets. Inheritance of estate or retirement assets. Business M&A transactions.

What is an example of a regressive tax? ›

Though true regressive taxes are not used as income taxes, they are used as taxes on tobacco, alcohol, gasoline, jewelry, perfume, and travel. User fees often are considered regressive because they take a larger percentage of income from low-income groups than from high-income groups.

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