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Key Notes –
1. Different plants and animals live in different surroundings. The surroundings where organisms live is called habitat. Characteristics of the plants vary depending upon their respective habitats.
2. The presence of specific features or certain habits, which enable a plant or an animal to live in its surroundings, is called adaptation.
3.
4. A desert is an example of terrestrial habitat. The land is very dry and has very little water.
- Adaptation of plants in desert
- The roots of plants in the desert may go deep as much as 18 to 20 meters to absorb water deep under the surface of the soil.
- Some of the plants found in deserts, store water in their stems or leaves. These are also called succulents.
The thorns on a cactus are like their replacement for leaves. They have a waxy coating on stems and leaves to help reduce water loss.
5. Mountainous regions have harsh climate. Plants adapt to the high altitude climate in the following ways-
- Trees that grow in the mountainous regions are coned shaped and hence called conifers.
- They are shaped like cones to shrug off the snow easily.
- Conifers have needle – shaped leaves, which are very tough and can survive the cold climatic conditions. These are evergreen trees
- Trees such as pine, fir, spruce and cedar are types of conifers.
6. Some trees shed their leaves during winter and grow them back during spring. Such trees are called deciduous trees. Maple, Oak, birch beech are such trees. They shed their leaves to conserve water and withstand winter.
7. Plants growing in such aquatic habitats are called aquatic plants.
8. Plants such as water lilies and lotus have roots that fix the plant in the soil at the bottom of the water body. These are called fixed plants.
- Their stems are hollow, light and very flexible.
- Their leaves are flat to help float on the surface of the water.
- The stomata are present on the upper surface of the leaves.
